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You are now viewing entries beginning with the letter G (56 entries)

1. Gamma Distribution
A two-parameter family of probability distributions. It is used to model continuous variables, such as money or tariff fees, that are always positive and have skewed distributions (i.e., are not normally distributed). The probability density function for ...
2. Gastrointestinal Complications
Upper Gastrointestinal tract complications can be identified with the ICD-9-CM codes 530.1x, 530.7x, 530.8x, 531.xx, 532.xx, 533.xx, 534.xx, 535.xx, 578.0, 578.1, 578.9.
3. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE) Procedures
Gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) procedures are used to investigate the symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and responses to treatment. They are also used to aid in the prevention of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and es...
4. GEE
acronym for Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
5. Gender
Female or male as reported in the Manitoba Health registry. Gender is used in the analysis of data during research.
6. General Mental Health
The general mental health scale is a summary measure from the SF-36 questionnaire, indicating the general mental health of an individual on a scale from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better mental health. Statistics Canada transformed the scale to...
7. General Practitioner (GP) / Family Practitioner (FP)
A physician who operates a general or family practice, and is not certified in another specialty in Manitoba. Also known as a Family Physician (FP). NOTE: The terms General Practitioner (GP) / Family Practitioner (FP) are no longer being used i...
8. General Surgery
A branch of surgery that deals with a broad spectrum of surgical conditions on almost any area of the body.
9. Generalist Physician
Includes general and family practitioners, general internists and general pediatricians. NOTE: The terms General Practitioner (GP) / Family Practitioner (FP) are no longer being used in MCHP research. The term
10. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE)
A method of estimation used in the analysis of longitudinal data, which consists of repeated measures of an individual or cluster of individuals over time. These repeated measures from any one individual or cluster are correlated with each other and are t...
11. Generalized Linear Model (GLM)
A unified class of models for regression analysis of independent observations of a discrete or continuous response. A characteristic feature of generalized linear models is that a suitable non-linear transformation of the mean response is a linear functio...
12. Generalized Linear Regression
A statistical technique that estimates values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables; the relationship between the variables is assumed to be linear.
13. Generic Drugs
Chemically equivalent competitors of brand name pharmaceuticals, which often enter the market following the expiry of patents held on the brand name product. These drugs typically cost less than the brand name products.
14. Generic Substitution Policies
Pharmaceutical policies that use utilization management techniques aimed at providing patients (and, to a more limited extent, providers) the financial incentive to consider the relative costs and benefits of competing, therapeutically equivalent products...
15. Genitourinary
Also known as urogenital, a term describing both the genital (reproductive) and urinary organ systems.
16. Geocoding
The process by which geographic coordinates of a location are determined based on street address, postal code, or other location descriptors. These coordinates can be then be used by computer programs to graphically represent geographic data points and t...
17. Geographic Mobility in Manitoba
The movement of a Manitoba resident within the province that results in a change of postal code or municipal code.
18. Geographical Area
See Physician Practice Location.
19. Geographically Based Capitation
A hospital funding approach that assigns a fixed per capita dollar allocation to each individual in a geographically defined area or region. Also known as regional capitation.
20. George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (CHI)
"The George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (CHI) collaborates with clinicians, researchers, leadership and policy makers to generate and apply patient-oriented research in the health system and health policy environments. As a partnership betw...
21. Geriatric Assessment
The process of evaluating such characteristics as a senior citizen's medical history, functional limitations, and judgment.
22. Gestation
"Period of intrauterine development from conception through birth; pregnancy." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
23. Gestational Age
Gestational age is approximated from the age of a newborn infant from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period to birth and is often reported in weeks of gestation. The average gestational age of a newborn is 37 weeks.
24. Gestational Diabetes
"A form of diabetes of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
25. Ghost Billing
See Shadow Billing.
26. Gini Coefficient
The Gini coefficient is a measure of disparity in a population. For more information, please read the Gini Coefficient concept.
27. GLM
acronym for Generalized Linear Model (GLM)
28. Global Billing
A single claim for a fixed-fee global tariff that covers all care related to a particular procedure, over a particular period of time, such as the six-week post-operative care period, examinations associated with other procedures (e.g. injections of chemo...
29. Global Fee
The fixed-fee that covers all care related to a particular procedure, over a particular period of time, such as the six-week post-operative care period.
30. Global Funding
A hospital funding approach in which block grants are provided to individual hospitals so that they may operate programs.
31. Gold Standard
A term used in medicine to define the single best test that can be used to identify whether an individual has a disease.
32. Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that, if left untreated, may increase the risk of contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (Chin, 2000; Dickerson et al., 1996), pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility in females or ure...
33. Good Coding Hospitals
Identifies hospitals that use service codes to identify the number of cases and days designated non-acute, compared to the number of long term Revenue days (chronic care, respite and paneled days) reported to Manitoba Health. If the ratio of the non-acute...
34. Goodness-of-Fit
How well a statistical model fits the actual data. Summary measures of goodness-of-fit are commonly known as test statistic (e.g. Chi-Square test statistic) and typically summarizes the differences between the observed values and the values expected under...
35. GP
acronym for General Practitioner (GP). NOTE: The term General Practitioner (GP) is no longer being used in MCHP research. The term Family Physician (FP) is now being used.
36. Grade 12 Provincial Exam Performance
Students in Grade 12 in Manitoba have been required to write provincial examinations in Language Arts (LA) and Mathematics since 1993. The current tests account for 30% of the students' final course mark, are curriculum-based, and mandatory for all studen...
37. Grade 12 Standards Tests / Achievement Tests
Grade 12 Standards Tests / Achievement Tests are provincial exams that Grade 12 students are required to write. Individual tests are written in Language Arts (LA) and Mathematics. The standards tests / achievement tests are curriculum-based and account fo...
38. Grade 3 Assessment in Numeracy
See Grade 3/4 Assessments glossary term.
39. Grade 3 Assessment in Reading
See Grade 3/4 Assessments glossary term.
40. Grade 3 Students with No School Changes
The number of times a student changed schools that was not part of an expected progression through the grades was counted. Expected progressions were identified when a student reached the highest grade of a school and the next year transferred to a differ...
41. Grade 3/4 Assessments
Evaluations of reading, math and number skills for students in Grades 3 and 4 of publicly funded schools in Manitoba. Students in English and Français programs are assessed in reading in Grade 3. Students in the French Immersion program are assessed in r...
42. Grade 7 Assessment in Mathematics
An evaluation of math skills for students in Grade 7 of publicly funded schools in Manitoba. This assessment is performed by the teacher and students throughout the school year in order to review the students' skills in math and to develop the best learni...
43. Grade 7 Assessment of Student Engagement
An evaluation of student involvement in their education in Grade 7 of publicly funded schools in Manitoba. Please see the Grade Level Assessment concept for more detailed information.
44. Grade 8 Assessment in Reading and Writing
An evaluation of reading comprehension and writing of informal texts for students in Grade 8 of publicly funded schools. This assessment is performed by the teacher and students during the first term of the school year in order to review the students' rea...
45. Grade 9 Achievement Index
The Grade 9 Achievement Index measures individual student performance / achievement in grade 9 level courses and is based on average marks in all classes and the number of credits earned during the school year. The Grade 9 Index does not differentiate bet...
46. Grade Cohort
Being in a particular grade in a particular year, or in a particular range of grades. Grade cohort can be distinguished from birth cohort, although an overlap between the two cohort types is likely (see Age-Appropriate Grade Placement).
47. Grade Level
A variable which gives the grade the student was enrolled in during a given school year.
48. Grade Repetition
Grade repetition is continuation in a school program at the same grade level for part or all of the next school year due to failing to acquire the minimum expectations or outcomes to proceed to the next grade level. In Brownell et al. (2012), grade re...
49. Grade Retention
In Kindergarten to Grade 8, grade retention is defined as a student's enrollment in the same grade for two consecutive years. In Grade 9, students older than the modal age for grade were identified as being retained. (Guevremont et al., 2007). NOTE...
50. Graduation
The presence of a graduation flag in the student record or 28 or more credits earned during high school. NOTE: Please read the High School Completion / Graduation and Grade 12 Attainment concept for more up-to-date information.
51. Graduation Flag
This dichotomous variable (0/1) is derived from the Year End Status field in the Education Information System (EIS) files. It was set to '1' if the Year End Status field contained the values 099 (Graduated), 100 (Graduated with diploma), 101 (Graduated wi...
52. Gravida
"Any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy. The terms gravida and para refer to pregnancies, not to the fetus. Thus twins, triplets and other multiple fetuses count as one pregnancy and one birth." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
53. Green Spaces Variable
In Winnipeg , it includes: parks, sports fields, cemeteries, and gold courses/driving ranges. The variable includes geographic data that measures the average distance from each postal code to green space. Geographic representations of this data include: ...
54. Group Identifier Code (Site Code)
A code used by physicians to file claims electronically. In research it can be used to determine whether physicians worked in a group setting/practice or solo.
55. Group-Based Trajectory Model
Group-based trajectory models are a statistical regression method used to identify subgroups of cases - in Chateau et al. (2015), these are physicians - who share statistically similar trajectories over time on a criterion variable (Nagin, 1999). In C...
56. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
A disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, often resulting in muscle weakness. Please see Q&A on Guillain-Barre Syndrome on the Centers for Dis...

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Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine,
Rady Faculty of Health Sciences,
Room 408-727 McDermot Ave.
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5 Canada

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