Max Rady College of Medicine

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You are now viewing entries beginning with the letter E (104 entries)

1. E-Codes
See External Cause of Injury Codes.
2. EA
acronym for Enumeration Area (EA)
3. Early Detection
See Screening.
4. Early Development Instrument (EDI)
The Early Development Instrument (EDI) "is a 103- item questionnaire completed by kindergarten teachers in the second half of the school year that measures children’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations in five general domains; ph...
5. Early Development Instrument (EDI) Data
Once every two years, Kindergarten teachers complete the EDI questionnaire for the children in their classroom. This occurs in early spring time. EDI data is collected province-wide on behalf of Healthy Child Manitoba (HCM) by all Kindergarten teachers in...
6. Early Literacy Intervention (ELI) Program Data
The Early Literacy Intervention (ELI) Program data contains information on students participating in the ELI program, such as the results of six types of tests (e.g. letter identification, printing concepts, writing vocabulary) as well as the program stat...
7. Early Preterm Birth
A birth where the gestational age of the infant is less than 34 weeks. A further categorization of preterm birth.
8. Early Term Birth
A birth where the gestational age of the infant is between 37 to 38 weeks.
9. Early-Loss Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
Dependence in activities of daily living typically follow a certain sequence; where people first become dependent in early-loss ADLs (e.g., dressing, personal hygiene), followed by dependence in middle-loss (transfer, locomotion, toilet use), and, finally...
10. Earned Eight or More Credits in Grade 9
This is a measure of academic achievement for a student in grade 9. The completion of eight or more credits (each course is worth a credit) in a student's first year of grade 9 is the required number of credits to successfully complete grade 9.
11. Eat Fruits or Vegetables Five or More Times/Day - (CCHS Survey Data)
See Average Daily Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables (CCHS Survey Data) glossary term.
12. ECG
acronym for Electrocardiogram (ECG)
13. Eclampsia
"A major complication of pregnancy. Its cause is unknown; it occurs more often in the primigravida and is accompanied by elevated blood pressure, albuminuria, oliguria, tonic and clonic convulsions and coma. It may occur during pregnancy (usually after th...
14. Ectopic Pregnancy
"Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity; common sites are the abdomen, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Also called oocyesis." (Olds SB et al., 2004). Additional Information: For a list of abortion and ectopic pr...
15. ED
acronym for Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
16. EDC
acronym for Expanded DIagNOsis Clusters (EDCs or Dino-Clusters)
17. Education Data
The Education data at MCHP consists of administrative provincial and local databases from agencies such as Manitoba Education, the University of Manitoba and Red River College. Reporting is universal and mandatory for public and private schools, as well a...
18. Education Indices
Three education indices have been created to describe an individual's educational attainment. These include: the Language Arts Achievement Index, the Mathematics Achievement Index, and the Grade 9 Achievement Index See the co...
19. Education Information System (EIS)
An integrated database that facilitates departmental, divisional, and school-based planning and decision making. The database is designed to enhance the accountability of the educational system to students, parents, and the community and to improve the co...
20. Education Level
The per cent of the population aged 25-44 years with no high school. The definition is based on the 1986, 1991, or 1996 Census using a 20% sample. According to Statistics Canada this refers to persons, excluding institutional residents, who did not hold a...
21. Education Level Achieved (Survey Data)
This is the highest level of formal education achieved. In all waves of the survey data used in Martens et al. (2015), respondents were asked about the highest level of education they achieved. The weighted crude prevalence of highest le...
22. Education Quartiles
An ordinal measure used to categorize the population into 4 equal groups, based on the level of education achieved.
23. Educational Mailing Package
An information package sent to physicians in the intervention group who have triggered a quality indicator monitored by the Manitoba IMPRxOVE Program. This package includes a letter describing the intent and design of the program, a prescriber summary rep...
24. Educational Mailing Package Rate
The rate at which the intervention group in the Manitoba IMPRxOVE Program received educational mailing packages for triggered Quality Indicators (QI). This rate closely resembles the Quality Indicator Trigger Rate, but is lower because of filters that pre...
25. Effective Age of Houses
The year in which the dwelling was built. Occasionally, where major renovations, alterations and/or additions have altered the original dwelling to such an extent that the original year of construction no longer accurately reflects the dwelling's age (i.e...
26. Effective Bed Supply
The number of effective hospital beds per 1000 residents in a region, obtained by adding the proportion of Winnipeg beds used by non-Winnipeg residents to the respective regions, and for Winnipeg, reducing the proportion of beds used by non-Winnipeg resid...
27. Effectiveness
If a given activity produces a beneficial health outcome when applied to a patient, then it is effective. If an alternative activity produces a better outcome, it is more effective.
28. Effectiveness research
Research to determine whether an intervention produces desired results under the conditions in which the intervention is likely to be used.
29. Efficacy research
Research to determine whether an intervention produces desired results under optimal or near optimal conditions.
30. Efficiency
A comparison of length of stays across hospitals, reported for all acute admissions and based on RDRG® weights, that is used to provide an overall assessment of efficiency.
31. Efficiency Differences
One of several factors reflecting differences between individual hospitals and the provincial (average) Cost per Weighted Case (CWC). Other factors include: teaching or tertiary costs, costs of delivering care in northern locations, and differences in res...
32. EKG
acronym for electrocardiogram (EKG)
33. Elective Admission
Patients admitted through the Admitting Department and listed on a slate for treatment prior to admission.
34. Elective Procedure
Surgical procedure for a patient admitted to hospital through the admitting department and listed on a slate for treatment prior to admission.
35. Elective Surgery
Any type of surgical procedure performed that is not "emergent" or life threatening in nature.
36. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
A test that records the electrical activity of the heartbeat. An exercise ECG tests the effect of exercise on your heart. See the Routine Electrocardiography - Electrocardiogram (ACG or EKG) concept for more i...
37. Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
A computer-based system for patient medical records that allows physicians and other healthcare providers within a clinic or facility to look easily through or chart their patients' health information.
38. Electronic Triage (E triage) System
A computerized system used to help triage (or prioritize) patients when they arrive in an Emergency Department (ED). E triage uses information about the patient's condition to assign each patient a score from one (resuscitation) to five (non-urgent) base...
39. Electronic User Site Location (EUSL) Data
The Electronic User Site Location (EUSL) data is a set of support files that support the Medical Services data and contains de-identified physician numbers and the location(s) where each physician works. T...
40. Elixhauser Comorbidity Index
The Elixhauser Comorbidity Index is a method for measuring patient comorbidity based on ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 diagnosis codes found in administrative data. This instrument is meant to be used with large administrative data sets to predict hospital resource...
41. ELOS
acronym for Expected Length Of Stay (ELOS)
42. Emergency - Admissions, Discharge and Transfer (ADT) and E-Triage Data
The Emergency - Admissions, Discharge and Transfer (ADT) and E-Triage data contains information on visits to the emergency departments (ED) in Winnipeg beginning in 1999/2000 to 2011/12. For more information on Emergency - ADT and E-Triage data, see th...
43. Emergency / Urgent Care Data
The emergency / urgent care data holdings in the MCHP Data Repository currently consists of four data sets: the Emergency - Admissions, Discharge and Transfer (ADT) and E-Triage data, the
44. Emergency Department (ED)
Emergency Departments (EDs) are intended to provide rapid access to essential care for acutely ill patients.
45. Emergency Department (ED) Visit Rates
Number of ED visits per person-year in 2009/10 and 2014/15 for Winnipeg residents only.
46. Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) Data
The Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) contains information on a patient's experience as they progress through the Emergency Department from their first point of entry at the triage desk through to their discharge. For more information abou...
47. Emergent Admission
Patients who have a life threatening condition requiring immediate assessment and treatment. Delay is harmful to the patient (Does not necessarily mean that the patient entered the hospital through the emergency department.)
48. Emergent Procedure
"Surgical procedure for a patient with a hospital admission status of emergent (i.e. patients who have a life threatening condition requiring immediate assessment and treatment. Delay is harmful to the patient)"
49. Emotional Maturity - Early Development Instrument (EDI) Domain
A set of 30 items on the EDI used to assess a kindergarten child's readiness for school in terms of their "prosocial and helping behaviour, anxious and fearful behaviour, aggressive behaviour, hyperactivity and inattention" and other similar characteristi...
50. Emotional Well-Being - (CCHS Survey Data)
Emotion is one attribute in the Health Utilities Index (HUI), a generic health status index developed at McMaster University's Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, which measures health status and health-related quality of life and produces ut...
51. Emphysema
A condition of the lung in which the air sacs are damaged, resulting in difficulty breathing.
52. Employment and Income Assistance (EIA) Data
Social data maintained by the Manitoba Department of Families that provides information concerning Manitoba residents who receive support from the Employment and Income Assistance (EIA) Program. EIA data files contain one record per person (client) for ea...
53. Employment and Income Assistance (EIA) Program
A provincial program of last resort for people who need help to meet basic personal and family needs. Wherever possible, the program is aimed at helping people find a job or get back to work. Eligibility for income assistance is determined by a test of ne...
54. Employment Status
Statistics Canada defined employed persons as those persons, excluding institutional residents who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (1996), worked for pay, were self-employment, or worked without pay for a family business, farm or...
55. Employment-to-Population Ratio
The Employment-to-Population Ratio is a measure of all persons working, expressed as a percentage of the total population age 15 and over.
56. Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain.
57. End of Life Health Care Costs
Total health care cost in the last six months before death, derived by summing the costs for hospital use, PCH use, home care use, physician visits, and prescription drug use.
58. End of life Prescription Drugs
Decedents' prescription drug use was derived from the Drug Program Information Network (DPIN) data. DPIN captures prescriptions under the provincial Pharmacare Program, the Nursing Home Drug Program, and the Department of Family Services Drug Benefits Pro...
59. Energy Expenditure - (CCHS Survey Data)
A measure of physical activity in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), it is calculated using the frequency and duration per session of the physical activity as well as the metabolic equivalent (MET) value of the activity. Energy expenditure is ex...
60. Enrolled Below Grade for Age
Students who should have written a standards exam according to their age, but were enrolled in S3 or below if they were the appropriate age for the S4 exam or in Grade 2 or below if they were the appropriate age for the Grade 3 exam.
61. Enrollment / Enrolment
The term enrollment, which can also be spelled enrolment, generally refers to registration in a specific program, or a class or grade in school. NOTE: The reason for this glossary term is because both spellings have been used in the data / var...
62. Enrollment, Marks and Assessments (STS/ICAB) Data
Enrollment, Marks and Assessment (STS/ICAB) data provides information on enrollment, courses, marks, standard tests, assessments, graduation status, level of funding, and demographics for Manitoba students from Kindergarten to Grade 12. NOTE: ST...
63. Enumeration Area (EA)
"An enumeration area is the geographic area canvassed by one census representative. An EA is composed of one or more adjacent blocks. EAs cover all the territory of Canada. Enumeration areas are only used for census data collection. ...
64. Envelope System
A hospital funding approach that utilizes a single pool or envelope of money for all related services, and funding is based on the relative cost effectiveness of the service / activity.
65. Epidemic
An outbreak of a disease that affects many people simultaneously, at a frequency higher than expected.
66. Epidemiology
The study of the transmission and control of disease, and of the health status of a population.
67. Epidural Anesthesia
Injection of a local anesthetic into the peridural space of the spinal cord beneath the ligamentum flavum. Often given during labour to provide pain relief. ( Source: modified from http...
68. Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis.
69. Episode
A single person receiving one or more services in a given modality on a single day.
70. Episode of Hospital Care
The number of hospital separations that occur in a given region, excluding patient transfers between hospitals.
71. Episodes Of Care
Defined as a continuous time in a hospital or an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), irrespective of direct transfers between hospitals and/or ICUs.
72. Episodes Of Drug Therapy
Some indicators of exposure (epidemiology) and appropriateness require a measure of continuous time on drug therapy. Depending on the study drug or drug class, an algorithm linking dispensing dates together and then counting total "time on therapy" is ac...
73. Equity
"Equity in health care requires that patients who are alike in relevant respects be treated in like fashion and that patients who are unlike in relevant respects be treated in appropriately unlike fashion." (Culyer, 2001).
74. Equivalent Approach to Patient Assignment
This method distributes patient assignments across all physician practices visited.
75. Equivalent Services Measure (ESM)
A standardized measure of service provision that enables researchers to use tariff codes over time regardless of any changes in the fee associated with them. The ESM is a numerical value standardized based on the dollar value of a tariff in 2004 or the mo...
76. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the failure of the penis to achieve rigid erection; it is the more widely accepted medical term for impotence. ED prevalence is the percentage of male residents age 40+ who received at least one prescription for erectile dysfu...
77. Estimate Statement
See Generalized Linear Model (GLM) glossary term.
78. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) is a measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates the flow rate of fluid filtered through the kidneys. Predictive models have been developed for the relationship between serum creatinine and eGFR. Cr...
79. Estimated ICU Admission Pool (EIAP)
A factor designed for this report (Garland et al., 2012) to estimate the number of critically ill people in that year who "should" have been admitted to a high-intensity Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It is calculated by summing the number of p...
80. Ethnic Group
A group of people sharing a common and unique racial, religious, linguistic, national or cultural heritage.
81. Ethno-Cultural Personal Care Home (PCH)
Although not a formal designation, this describes a PCH where the majority of persons living there profess a particular religious faith, or prefer to speak a language other than English.
82. Evaluation Claims
See Shadow Billing.
83. Ever-User
Any person identified with a diagnosis of mental health disorder.
84. Evidence-Based Medicine
"The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external cli...
85. Exact Binomial Statistics
A test of the statistical significance of deviations from a theoretically expected binomial distribution of observations into two or more categories. Unlike a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, exact tests are accurate even for data that have few observatio...
86. Excess Hospitalizations
See Excess Persons Hospitalized.
87. Excess Mortality / Death
If the SMR for a particular region is higher than the provincial SMR, then it is considered to be excessive.
88. Excess Persons Hospitalized
If the hospitalization rate for a particular region is higher than the provincial hospitalization rate, then it is considered to be excessive.
89. Excess Physician Visits
If the physician visit rate for a particular region is higher than the provincial physician visit rate, then it is considered to be excessive.
90. Excess Rates
One of the rates determined for Health Status Indicators that compares each region's performance with the province. If the region's rate is higher than the provincial average, it implies that if the region's rate were the same as the provincial rate, thes...
91. Exclusions
During research, certain types of data may not be used in the analysis, depending on the type of study being performed. These data are called exclusions. Examples include: records falling outside the time frame of the study, non-residents of Manitoba base...
92. Exempt
Students were exempted from writing a standards exam for reasons such as: substantial modifications had to be made to the exam in order for the student to write it, or the student was an English as a Second Language student.
93. Expanded DIagNOsis Clusters (EDCs or Dino-Clusters)
Part of the Johns Hopkins diagnosis grouping and case-mix tools, this classification tool categorizes ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes found in claims into 190 disease-specific clinical categories (EDCs or Dino-Clusters). These can then be used to identify person...
94. Expected Age in the Community
Expected median number of years for an older adult (age 65+) to live in a non-institutionalized setting in the community. Defined using Life Table method; based on cohort average mortality.
95. Expected Disease-free Community-Dwelling Years
Expected length of time for an older adult (age 65+) to live in a non-institutionalized setting and be free of any major chronic diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia (including Alzheimer's ...
96. Expected Length Of Stay (ELOS)
Over time, Expected Length Of Stay (ELOS) has been defined differently in MCHP research. In De Coster et al. (1993), Roos et al. (1994), Frohlich et al. (1994) and Brownell et al. (1996) ELOS is defined as: the length of time an individual ...
97. Expenditures for Pharmaceuticals
Rates per user or per resident of the amount paid by government agency and/or individual for the drug ingredient costs, professional (dispensing) fee, and total prescription costs.
98. Expenditures Per Ambulatory Physician Visit
The average fee paid by Manitoba Health for the ambulatory services rendered to residents of a given region. It represents only the physician fee for the visit, and does not include fees paid for any ancillary services associated with the visit, such as f...
99. Exposure to Smoke Inside the Home - (CCHS Survey Data)
Second-hand smoke is the smoke from a burning cigarette, pipe or cigar, or the smoke exhaled by a smoker. When you are nearby someone who is smoking, for example, inside the same enclosed space (home or car), you may breathe in second-hand smoke. Accordin...
100. External Cause of Injury Codes
External cause of injury codes are used to define environmental events, circumstances and conditions such as the cause of injury, poisoning, and other adverse effects related to injury hospitalizations and mortality. Excluded from this list and from our d...
101. External Validity
This term is used in the MCHP Data Quality Framework. The relationship between the values in a data file or results of a project and an external source of similar or identical information that is assumed to be error free. For example, if caesarean section...
102. Externalizing Disorders
In psychology, the term "externalizing" refers to a grouping of problems that are manifested in a child's outward behaviour and reflect the child acting negatively on the external environment (Liu, 2004). In Chartier et al. (2016), external...
103. Extra-Mural Hospitals
The Extra-Mural Program in New Brunswick, Canada provides a broad spectrum of community health services, including: nursing, clinical, nutrition, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech language pathology, social work and respiratory therapy.
104. Extremes Of Age
This is a health status indicator measuring the proportion of people under 25, who are more susceptible to injury, and people over 74, who are more susceptible to chronic diseases and death.

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Rady Faculty of Health Sciences,
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