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1. R 2
In traditional statistics, R 2 values summarize the percent of variation shared between two measures. Similarly, in cluster analysis, they indicate how much of the variation in predictor variables exists within versus between cluster analysis gr...
2. RA
acronym for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
3. Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses radiation to control or destroy cancer cells. For more information, including the ICD-9-CM and CCI codes used to identify this type of treatment, see the
4. Radiology Information System (RIS)
A computerized system for tracking patients and the diagnostic imaging (DI) procedures they receive, scheduling, reporting and billing.
5. RAI
acronym for Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI)
6. Random Effects Models
Random effects models are regression models in which the regression coefficients are allowed to vary across the subjects or between clusters. Random effects models are also known as multi-level models, mixed models, random coefficient models, empirical B...
7. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
A RCT is a scientifically rigorous study design used in clinical and epidemiological research. The participants in RCTs are assigned randomly to a control and one or more treatment groups. Participants in the latter group receive a preventive or therapeut...
8. Rate
The number of events or people with a given condition or procedure, divided by the number of people living in that area; often expressed as a rate per 1000 residents (for less frequent events). Rates are helpful in determining the burden of disease and/o...
9. Rate Adjustment
See Adjusted Rates.
10. Rate Difference
Rate difference is the difference of the rate of disease or death between the group exposed to the rate among the group that was not exposed. In Martens et al., 2015, the group exposed were those who "ever smoked" and the group that was not exposed wer...
11. Rate Event Indicators
A list of medical (sentinel) conditions which are considered to be of concern only when sufficient numbers of events occur, rather than only one (Rutstein et al., 1980 and Carr et al., 1988).
12. Rate Ratios
A ratio of two rates.
13. Rate Standardization
"A method of adjusting for rates when comparing two or more populations; it requires knowledge of the specific rates for each category in the populations to be adjusted and the frequencies in at least one population." (Dawson B, Trapp RG & Trapp R...
14. Rates and Standardization of Rates
See Direct Standardization of Rates glossary term.
15. RCW
acronym for Relative Case Weights (RCW)
16. RDD
acronym for Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) .
17. RDRG®
acronym for Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (RDRG)®
18. Reading Recovery
A widely used program for early literacy in Manitoba schools, aimed at Grade 1 students having some difficulty with learning to read. This program is intensive and requires a teacher to work one-on-one or with small groups of children for several hours ea...
19. Reading Recovery Data
The Reading Recovery data contains information on students participating in the Reading Recovery program, one of three programs in the Manitoba Early Literacy Intervention (ELI) Initiative. NOTE: In 2020, the status of the Reading Recovery data ...
20. Readmission / Hospital Readmission
This indicator measures the percent of hospital episodes after which the patient was admitted again to any hospital within one to 30 days of discharge. Only unplanned inpatient readmissions were counted, defined by admission category ‘U’ for urgent/em...
21. Readmission Rate (Newborn)
See Newborn Readmission Rate.
22. Reason for Termination
An indicator that identifies why a client is no longer receiving Home Care services. Examples of reasons for termination include: recovered, deceased, placed in Personal Care Home (PCH), hospitalized, non-admission, and other.
23. Receipt of Income Assistance
Income assistance (IA) is a program of financial assistance for people who need help to meet basic personal and family needs. As such, it is a measure of poverty or economic instability. IA involves monetary support allocated by the provincial government ...
24. Receipt of Protective or Support Services
Any child or family receiving protective or support services from Child and Family Services. Although support services are supposed to be voluntary, and protective services mandatory, this distinction is often blurred in the Child and Family Services Info...
25. Receipt of the Families First Screen (FFS)
This indicator measures the percentage of pregnancies in each time period that can be linked to a Familes First Screen (FFS). Pregnancies were assigned to a time period by start date.
26. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve
The ROC curve is used to evaluate the accuracy of any method of predicting a dichotomous outcome (e.g. Logistic Regression); it graphically represents the trade-off between false positive and false negative rates for every possible cut off. The graph plot...
27. Receiving Income Assistance
Individuals who receive income assistance, administered through Manitoba's Employment and Income Assistance Program, to meet basic personal and family needs. See the Receipt of Income Assistance glossar...
28. Recent Immigrant
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg A recent immigrant is a person who has spent a short amount of time since arriving to the n...
29. Recent Use Projection Model
Estimating future needs by looking at recent patterns. Using data from the three most recent fiscal years, utilization projections were made based on the current rate(s) and the assumption that utilization will only change as the distribution of the popu...
30. Reconstructive Biliary Surgery
Reconstructive biliary surgery is a subsequent procedure to repair the bile ducts as a result of an accidental cut or injury to the ducts during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
31. Record Linkage / Data Linkage
A set of techniques to match, or link, common or related records from one file with those from another. For example, information on the same individual in two or more files can be merged into one file by matching the records on a set of common identifiers...
32. Record of Death
Vital Statistics maintains a registry of deaths in the province. See the Record of Death concept and the Vital Statistics Mortality Registry Data glossary term...
33. Red River College (RRC) Data
The Red River College (RRC) data contains administrative information concerning all students enrolled at Red River College (RRC), the largest and most comprehensive institute of applied learning in Manitoba, offering over 110 diploma, certificate, and app...
34. Reference Based Pricing Policies
Reimburse patients using any of the products within a class of close-substitutes according to the price of the lowest cost product within that class. Reference pricing policies typically involve special authority exemptions for patients that have clinical...
35. Reference Group
In statistics, this group is used for comparisons with other groups that are subjected to a treatment or are influenced by a factor. A reference group should have a large sample size and small standard error. (Meyers LS et al., 2006).
36. Referral Index (RI)
An Index developed to reflect the extent to which a physician over or under-refers patients compared to the average physician after taking into account the characteristics of their practice population. It is the ratio of the actual number of referred pati...
37. Referring Facility
The hospital, area of the hospital (e.g. Emergency department at Health Sciences Centre), or clinic where the patient was seen by the practitioner.
38. Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (RDRG®)
A refined version of the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG™) case-mix system that classifies cases into levels of severity and complexity based on the presence of comorbidities and complications and their impact on resource use. This system has been used...
39. Refugee
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg Refugee claimants (or asylum seekers) are admitted on humanitarian grounds. Refugees can be ...
40. Region of Residence
The region of residence is the area where people live at any given point in time, and where their health service use is allocated, regardless of where the service was provided. Over time, regions have been assigned using different methods in MCHP research...
41. Regional Basic Visit
A service rendered to a patient who consults the physician for a condition - usually relatively minor. The assessment of the patient's condition is problem-focused and little or no physical examination is included. Generally, less than 10 minutes of the p...
42. Regional Capitation
See Geographically Based Capitation.
43. Regional Funding
The process by which the government allocates funds to the various regions in order to provide health services.
44. Regional Health Authority (RHA)
A Regional Health Authority (RHA) is a regional governance structure set up by the provincial government to be responsible for the delivery and administration of provincially funded health services in a specific geographical area. NOTE: RHAs ar...
45. Regional Health Authority (RHA) Districts
RHA Districts are subdivisions of Regional Health Authorities (RHA) defined primarily based on municipal code and some postal codes for analysis purposes. Districts were created collaboratively by individual RHAs, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP)...
46. Regional Health Authority (RHA) Zones
RHA Zones are subdivisions of Regional Health Authorities (RHA) defined primarily based on municipal code and some postal codes for analysis purposes. After the amalgamation of the RHAs into five health regions in 2012, zones were created collaboratively ...
47. Regional Intermediate Visit
A problem specific visit that includes a history of the presenting complaint(s), an examination of the parts or systems related to the complaint(s), a review of all pertinent investigations, and a complete written record and advice to the patient. The vis...
48. Regionalization
See Regionalization Research Centre Definition of Regionalization
49. Regions in Manitoba
Manitoba and/or Winnipeg have been divided into regions in several different ways. Please see the related concepts and glossary terms listed below for more detail.
50. Registered (Status) First Nation Individual
A First Nation individual with the legal status of a person who is registered as an "Indian" under the Indian Act (1876) and therefore receiving entitlements of sharing reserve land, voting rights, and Band membership and residency (Department of Justi
51. Registered First Nations
The 1876 Indian Act designates both registered (Status and Treaty) and non-registered (Non-Status) First Nations peoples. All Registered First Nations (i.e.: Status or Treaty Indians) receive entitlements of land, voting rights, and Band membership.
52. Registered Manitoba Population
Refers to all persons registered in the Manitoba Health Services Insurance Plan. This includes all persons who reside in the province of Manitoba, as well as new Manitobans arriving from another province (eligible for coverage after a waiting period of up...
53. Registration Number (REGNO) / (REGNO_CODE)
A six-character, alphanumeric value (e.g. A12345) assigned by Manitoba Health to identify family units receiving health services. Also known as REGNO and family Registration Number. Individuals within a family are also assigned a uniqu...
54. Registry
See the term Manitoba Health Insurance Registry Data.
55. Regno
See Registration Number (REGNO) / (REGNO_CODE).
56. Regression
A statistical approach that looks to find the best mathematical relationship between a single, dependent y-variable as a function of one or more x-variables (independent variables). (Last, 1995).
57. Regression Analysis
A statistical technique that describes and tests the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more explanatory variables.
58. Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD)
Quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest control group design that is characterized by its unique method of assignment to intervention: participants are assigned to either the intervention group or control group solely on the basis of a cut-off score on a pre...
59. Regular Patient
A patient who receives the majority of his/her care from the same group of providers, given a particular percentage cut-off (e.g. 75% of their care).
60. Regular Source of Care (RSOC)
The physician most frequently visited by a patient; provides a measure of continuity of care.
61. Rehabilitation
One of 13 alternate levels of care, this is defined as 24-hour supervision and assessment provided by a team of rehabilitation personnel, or a therapy program planned by a physiotherapist delivered daily to patients expected to be discharged fully restore...
62. Rehabilitative Care
Care for patients who have experienced a debilitating illness (e.g: stroke), injury or major surgery. Rehabilitation patients receive specialized care which may include physical therapy for increased strength and mobility, occupational therapy for improve...
63. Relationship Distress
Distress or conflict between parenting partners (e.g., separations, frequent arguments). This is an item on the Families First Screening Form assessed by public health nurses. As an indicator, this measures the percentage of women with newborns who report...
64. Relative Case Weights (RCW)
Standardized weights that represent the expected relative cost of treating the average case in a RDRG®. The relativity is established by indexing the average case cost of each RDRG® against the average case cost for all RDRGs®, which is assign...
65. Relative Cost Weights
See Relative Case Weights (RCW).
66. Relative Rate (RR)
The relative rate (RR), also called a rate ratio, is the ratio of the incidence rate of disease or death among the group exposed to the incidence rate of disease or death among the unexposed group. In Martens et al., 2015, the group exposed were those ...
67. Relative Risk (RR)
Relative Risk (RR) is the ratio of two risk estimates, as illustrated in the the following example: Males Females QI present a b QI absent c
68. Relative Weights
Values assigned to each DRG™ that identify its relative weight in terms of resource use compared to a standardized value.
69. Reliability
Achieving the same result from two or more different sources.
70. Remigration
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg Remigration is a special type of outmigration or emigration in which an international immig...
71. Remote Communities
Remote communities are communities in Manitoba that do not have permanent road access (i.e., no all-weather road), are more than a four-hour drive from a major rural hospital (and a dialysis unit), or have rail or fly-in access only. This includes Norway ...
72. Renal Disease
The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs. Part of the urinary system, the kidneys filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. The adjective meaning "kidney related" is renal, from the Latin. Any disease...
73. Renal Failure
Renal failure is the loss of the kidneys ability to remove wastes, concentrate urine, and maintain electrolytes levels in the blood. At MCHP, our definition of renal failure includes both acute and chronic renal failure. Renal disease associated with some...
74. Renal Failure Treatment Prevalence
The percentage of residents aged 20 or older diagnosed with renal failure (ICD-9-CM code 584, 585, or 586) in a physician visit or hospitalization in a five year period. Renal failure is often a complication of diabetes, but can have other causes as well....
75. Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a therapy for patients with kidney failure that replaces kidney function (i.e., removal of wastes and excess water from the body) (Miller & Keane, 2003). RRT includes hemodialysis (centre- or home-based), peritoneal dia...
76. Rent Assist (formerly RentAid, Shelter Benefits) Data
The Rent Assist (formerly RentAid, Shelter Benefits) data collects information on the application for and distribution of a monthly benefit which helps seniors, families, persons with disabilities, and others receiving income assistance to pay their rent....
77. Rental Houses
Non-owner occupied residential dwellings including: single family homes, side by sides, duplex, duplex conversion, triplex, and apartment-converted dwellings with 3 to 4 single family units. Apartment blocks, agricultural and government properties are not...
78. Repatriating Care
The strategy of shifting hospital care from more expensive urban hospitals to less expensive rural facilities.
79. Repeated Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Repeated benzodiazepine prescriptions was defined as at least three prescriptions in a fiscal year. Please see the Benzodiazepine Use concept for a list of ATC codes and generic drug names used to identify benz...
80. Repeated Opioid Prescriptions
The prevalence of repeated opioid prescriptions is the age- and sex-adjusted percentage of the population prescribed three or more opioid prescriptions in one year. Please see the Opioids glossary term ...
81. Repository
See Manitoba Population Research Data Repository (Repository).
82. Requisition
The form that must be completed for all tests requested of the Cadham Provincial Laboratory.
83. Research Data Repository
See the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository (Repository) glossary term.
84. Research Training and Feasibility Data
The Research Training and Feasibility data is used for feasibility studies and training and education purposes. This dataset contains a 10% sample of the Manitoba population over time. Data from MCHP's hospital discharge abstracts, medical services, pres...
85. Research translation or knowledge translation
The sequence of events through which a proven scientific discovery moves in a bidirectional fashion between basic scientists, clinical researchers, practitioners, and consumers of health care services.
86. Reserve / Indian Reserve
A reserve is tract of land, the legal title to which is held by the Crown, set apart for the use and benefit of an Indian band. Some "bands" (Indian Act terminology) have more than one reserve. Many First Nations now prefer the term "First Nation co
87. Residence
One of 13 alternate levels of care (ALC) defined, this refers to patients whose condition and services ordered/received indicate that they do not need either the hospital or an alternative setting.
88. Residency Location
See Region of Residence.
89. Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI-MDS 2.0©)
An assessment tool, including a set of assessment items, clinical assessment protocols, and outcome reports by the Centre for Health Systems Research and Analysis at the University of Wisconsin designed to improve the quality of clinical needs assessments...
90. Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC©)
A standardized, multi-dimensional assessment system that focuses on a person's functioning and quality of life by assessing needs, strengths, and preferences (e.g., social supports, functional dependence and cognitive impairment) in order to develop effec...
91. Resident in Social Housing
This indicator measures the percent of women who resided in Social Housing (directly managed by Manitoba Housing) at any point in time.
92. Resident of Manitoba
See Manitoba Residents.
93. Residential Charges
Effective 1993, individuals are required to pay a daily residential fee once they are admitted into a personal care home (PCH), or once they are panelled (accepted) for admission into a PCH, and are waiting for placement in a hospital. This fee is calcula...
94. Residential Mobility
Residential mobility is the movement of a Manitoba Health insurance registrant within the province that results in a change of six-digit postal code or municipal code (a code assigned to each municipality in Manitoba for administrative and funding purpose...
95. Residential Persistence
Residential persistence is the percent of residents living in the same postal code year after year.
96. Residents in Personal Care Homes (PCH) / Prevalence of PCH Use
This is the number / percent of residents age 75+ who were in a provincial Personal Care Home for at least one day in a fiscal year, per 1,000 area residents age 75+. Values are adjusted to reflect the population of Manitoba age 75+ (males and females com...
97. Residents of Personal Care Homes (PCH)
The percent of residents age 75 and older who lived in a PCH in a given year. Area of residence was assigned based on where people lived at the time, which is determined by the location of the PCH (using postal code and municipal code). Average annual val...
98. Resource Intensity Weights (RIW™)
Resource Intensity Weights (RIW™) are the relative case weights for CMGs™ used to measure the intensity of resource use (relative cost) associated with different diagnostic, surgical procedure and demographic characteristics of an individual. RIWs
99. Resource Use
In this report, resource use is defined as the history of service use of a cohort of people over a five-year period, often comparing those with "cumulative disorders" (i.e. one or more of five psychiatric diagnoses: depression, anxiety states, substance ...
100. Resource Utilization Bands (RUBs)
Resource Utilization Bands (RUBs) are a part of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group ® (ACG®) case-mix system. They are a simplified ranking system of overall morbidity level instead of grouping by type of illness, so that individuals who are...
101. Respiratory Disease
See Total Respiratory Morbidity (TRM).
102. Respiratory Disease Mortality
Identified using Vital Statistics data with ICD-9 codes in the range 460-519.
103. Respiratory Disease Treatment Prevalence
The number of individuals with episodes of health care utilization for asthma or related conditions.
104. Respiratory Infections
One of six diagnostic quality indicators (QIs). Events of respiratory infections were counted using the ICD-9-CM codes 480 through 487 in both the medical services and the hospital discharge abstracts data. These ICD-9-CM codes are used to diagnose variou...
105. Respite / Respite Care
Care provided for weekend or extended periods (e.g.: vacation) for the relief of family members who regularly provide extensive care to a family member. Such care is based on a Home Care assessment and may be provided at home as a Home Care service or thr...
106. Respite Days
The number of days for which a patient receives respite care.
107. Respondent Attrition
Loss of subjects (e.g.,. respondents answering questions in a survey or interview) over the course of the research project. Attrition may be a source of bias if the subjects who are lost make the sample less representative of the population.
108. Retained Student
A student who was enrolled in the same grade for two consecutive years, and who did not have an aberrant pattern of promotion any other year (for example, retention one year and promotion of two grades the next, or a progression backwards). NOTE:
109. Retention - Education related
Students who were enrolled in the same grade for two consecutive years, and who did not have an aberrant pattern of promotion any other year (for example, retention one year and promotion of two grades the next, or a progression backwards). NOTE:
110. Retention Rate - Education related
The percentage of students retained from one year to the next. The denominator includes all students who were enrolled in grade the first year except for students with aberrant patterns of promotion (for example, a retention one year and a promotion of tw...
111. Retention Rates, Kindergarten to Grade 8
Retention refers to students who were enrolled in the same grade for two consecutive years, and who did not have an aberrant pattern of promotion any other year (for example, retention one year and promotion of two grades the next year, or a progression b...
112. Retrospective Studies
A study where data is collected from past records or from an individual's recollections. Retrospective designs can be either cohort or case-control.
113. Revised-Graduated Prenatal Care Utilization Index (R-GINDEX)
A measure of the adequacy of prenatal care by a healthcare provider. Knowledge of three birth-related outcomes are required to calculate R-GINDEX: a) the gestational age of the infant (date of pregnancy and birth); b) the trimester during which...
114. RHA
acronym for Regional Health Authority (RHA)
115. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. It is a disabling and painful inflammatory condition, which can lead to substantial loss of mobility due to pain and joint destruc...
116. RI
acronym for Referral Index (RI)
117. RIS
acronym for Radiology Information System (RIS)
118. Risk Adjustment
A process used most frequently in the insurance industry to recognize that some individuals or groups may require more costly healthcare than others. Risk adjustment considers past utilization of services and basic demographic information (i.e., age and s...
119. Risk Factors
A range of health-related behaviours, and social and environmental conditions that can have a negative impact on the health of an individual, by increasing the risk of ill health. Data about risk factors can assist in explaining trends in the health statu...
120. Risk-Adjusted
A variable that has been adjusted to account for the effects of age, sex and other comorbidities.
121. RIW
acronym for Resource Intensity Weights (RIW)™
122. Robson Index
The Robson Index is comprised of the different categories of births by parity, category, course and gestation. This is part of an effort to use a medical audit cycle to diagnose dysfunctional labor early enough to allow for the implementation of labor man...
123. ROC Curve
acronym for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve
124. Room-In
One of 13 alternate levels of care, this describes patients who require room-in centres for alcohol and drug dependencies.
125. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)
A measure of goodness of fit for statistical models, where the goal is for the population to have an approximate or close fit with the model, rather than an exact fit, which is often not practical for large populations (Kaplan DW, 2000).
126. Rostering (formal)
The process whereby individuals formally register with a chosen health care provider or a group of health care providers by signing a contractual agreement.
127. Route of Administration
how or by what the route the drug is administered or given access to th3e body; (e.g. oral, rectal, intravenous, transdermal, etc.) There are two sources currently available for identifying the route of administration of a drug: 1). The Master Formulary ...
128. RR
RR is an acronym for both the following terms: Relative Risk (RR) Relative Rate (RR)
129. RRC
acronym for Red River College (RRC)
130. RSOC
acronym for Regular Source of Care (RSOC)
131. Rubella
Also known as German measles, it is a viral disease characterized by rash and fever, which can seriously affect the fetus of an infected pregnant woman.
132. Rural Area
Statistics Canada defines an area as rural if it has a population density less than or equal to 400 persons per square km.
133. Rural Hospitals
A general category within hospital types, that includes major rural, intermediate rural, small rural, multi-use, and northern isolated sub-categories.
134. Rural Mid Regional Health Authorities (RHAs)
See Mid Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) glossary term.
135. Rural Regional Health Authorities (RHAs)
All Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) excluding Winnipeg and Brandon, classified by postal code.
136. Rural South Regional Health Authorities (RHAs)
An aggregate geographical area, co-developed by MCHP and The Need To Know Team for use in MCHP research, which includes all of the Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) in the rural south area of Manitoba, except t...

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Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine,
Rady Faculty of Health Sciences,
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University of Manitoba
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