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Max Rady College of Medicine

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You are now viewing entries beginning with the letter P (326 entries)

1.	p-value A p-value is a probability of obtaining a test statistic or estimate that is at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. When the p-value is below the set significance value α (usually set at 0.05; it can also be s...
2.	PACS acronym for Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
3.	Pairwise Multiple Comparisons The pair-wise comparison of three or more means or rates. Multiple comparisons are performed when the null hypothesis for the group of means or rates is rejected, and determine which pairs of means differ significantly.
4.	Palliative Care Care and services for persons who have an incurable illness and are at the end stages of their life. The focus of treatment is not to cure, but to provide pain management, comfort and support.
5.	Palliative Care Program Case management and services for persons who have an incurable illness and the focus of the treatment is on comfort and support.
6.	Palliative Care Registry The palliative care registry is a data file maintained by the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA). It started late in 2000 and contains all individuals identified as palliative care patients in Winnipeg. The registry contains information that could...
7.	Palliative Care Units Two palliative care units can be identified in the Hospital Discharge Abstracts data: those at St. Boniface General Hospital and Riverview Health Centre.
8.	Palliative Service Type An inpatient hospitalization defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CA) diagnosis code Z51.5, "Palliative care" or a main Patient Service code or Service Transfer code of 58, "Palliative care." This definition includes not only patien...
9.	Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy In September 2002, the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (F/P/T) Ministers of Health announced that they agreed to work together on an Integrated Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy. The Healthy Living Strategy is an initiative aimed at reducing non-communi...
10.	Panelled The point at which an individual is assessed as needing Personal Care Home (PCH) placement.
11.	Panelled Days The number of days patients who have been panelled for nursing home placement spend in hospitals, waiting for a bed in a Personal Care Homes (PCH).
12.	Panelling The process of evaluating requests for placement into a personal care home. Such requests may originate either from a Home Care employee or from an individual and/or their family. (Roos et al. (2001)). If a patient is in hospital during this process, ...
13.	Panelling Date / Panel Date The date on which a panel of experts recommended that an individual be admitted to a Personal Care Home (PCH). For more information on the paneling process, please see the Winnipeg Regional Health Authori...
14.	Pap Tests See Cervical Cancer Screening (Pap test) glossary term.
15.	Papanicolaou (Pap) Smears For more information, see the Cervical Cancer Screening (Pap test) glossary term.
16.	Papanicolaou (Pap) Test For more information, see the Cervical Cancer Screening (Pap test) glossary term.
17.	Para "Birth after 20 weeks' gestation, regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead. The terms gravida and para refer to pregnancies, not to the fetus. Thus twins, triplets and other multiple fetuses count as one pregnancy and one birth.' (Olds SB ...
18.	Paraprofessional Home Visitors Paraprofessional home visitors are home visitors that do not necessarily have formal training (such as public health nursing) but who undergo training in areas such as child development, family functioning and parenting skills.
19.	Parasitology Section Service provider at the Cadham Provincial Laboratory. Responsibilities include screening for parasites and eggs (ova) that may cause or carry a disease. A parasite is a biological agent that lives on or within the host, simultaneously causing illness or d...
20.	Parity The number of times a woman has given birth after 20 weeks' gestation. A multiple birth is counted as one birth and stillbirths are included. For hospital births, the field OBPARA (with 0 being primipara and 1 being multipara) was used to determine parity...
21.	Parkinson's Disease (PD) A type of movement and nervous system disorder. PD occurs due to insufficient production of the neurochemical dopamine by brain cells. Genetics and environmental chemical exposure may play a role. Symptoms begin gradually (affecting one side of the bod...
22.	Parks See Green Spaces.
23.	Part-Time Physician Any practicing Winnipeg Family Physician (FP) whose Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) value is less than one.
24.	Participation in Leisure Physical Activity - (CCHS Survey Data) Classifies Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) respondents into two categories based on whether they participated in any physically active leisure activities in the three months prior to the survey.
25.	Participatory research Research, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied (includes individuals and organizations), for the purpose of taking action or effecting change.
26.	Passed For students who wrote a standards exam, and outcome of "passed" was assigned for a mark of 50% or higher.
27.	Patent A method of protecting the intangible asset generated through research processes. It creates a temporary, state-conferred monopoly over the sale of a product by prohibiting the unlicensed entry of competitors.
28.	PATHS Equity PATHS Equity is an acronym for Pathways To Health and Social (PATHS) Equity.
29.	Patient Allocation Patient allocation is the process of assigning all patients to their most responsible health care provider during the study period. This is necessary in order to define the physician's practice. Several methods may be used to allocate patients, including...
30.	Patient Characteristics Specific patient characteristics are used to investigate the patient - physician relationship. Some of these characteristics include: the number of un-referred and consultative ambulatory visits, patient age and gender, socio-economic status (SES), the n...
31.	Patient Chart See Medical Record.
32.	Patient Complexity In some cases, patients present with an interconnected and diverse set of needs. While some of these needs may be adequately dealt with by the healthcare system, other needs fall outside of its purview. When the treatment of health-related needs is confou...
33.	Patient Outcomes Research Teams (PORTs) While the original design of this effort included a strong population focus, administrative data at the population level have difficulty capturing subtle clinical differences. Research capable of addressing population health issues appears to have been de...
34.	Patient Safety Patient safety is achieved through the reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare system, as well as through the best practices shown to lead to optimal patient outcomes.
35.	Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) A patient safety indicator is an estimate of possible compromise to patient safety. A PSI estimate cannot be directly attributed to medical error. The indicators are screening tools which should be used to identify processes of care that may warrant furth...
36.	Pattern Mixture Model A statistical model that takes into account the relationship between predictors and missing data points, allowing for unbiased estimates of the effects of predictors on the outcome variable.
37.	PAX PAX (also known as the PAX Good Behavior Game®) is a school-based mental health promotion strategy developed to improve mental, emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in children and youth by teaching children to manage their behaviours and fee...
38.	PCH acronym for Personal Care Home (PCH)
39.	PCH Beds acronym for Personal Care Home (PCH) Beds
40.	PCH Data acronym for Personal Care Home (PCH) Data
41.	PCH Location acronym for Personal Care Home (PCH) Location
42.	PCI acronym for Preventive Care Index (PCI)
43.	PD acronym for Per Diem (PD)
44.	PDD acronym for Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD)
45.	PE acronym for Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
46.	Peak Flu Period Time during winter months (December - April) when a concentrated number of people are admitted to acute care hospitals with influenza-like illnesses.
47.	Pediatric Home Care Provides nursing care to support family in situations where the family requires teaching and support in care activities, medically complex children in schools and at home.
48.	Pediatrician / Paediatrician A physician who deals with the care of infants and children and the treatment of their diseases.
49.	Per Capita An amount (often, though not always dollars) that is usually expressed per person, but may also be per hundred people, per thousand, or per hundred thousand.
50.	Per Capita Expenditure The amount of expenditure per thousand, or hundred thousand population.
51.	Per Capita Hospital Expenditure The amount of hospital expenditure per thousand, or hundred thousand population.
52.	Per Diem (PD) The daily cost / amount reimbursed for providing services in a specific location.
53.	Percent of Visits from Non-Allocated Patients This is the percent of ambulatory visits to a primary care provider that are from patients not allocated to that provider using the allocation algorithm. For more information on the patient allocation algorithm, see the concept
54.	Percentile "Percentiles are values that divide a set of observations into 100 equal parts. The percentile rank is the proportion of values in a distribution that a specific value is greater than or equal to." (from
55.	Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) / Angioplasty Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) include percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures, commonly known as "angioplasty" or "balloon angioplasty". These procedures treat the narrowed coronary arteries of the heart often found in...
56.	Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) See Angioplasty.
57.	Performance of Procedures on Very Young Children The volume and distribution of tonsillectomy on children less than 3 years old.
58.	Perinatal Period The perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g), and ends seven completed days after birth.
59.	Period Prevalence This measures the number of individuals with a specific disease or condition in a population over a period of time (e.g.: 5 years), divided by the number of individuals in the population at mid-period (Young, TK, 1998). This is the most common measure of...
60.	Peripartum Social Isolation This indicator measures the percent of women who received a Family First Screen (FFS) who were pregnant and responded "yes" to the FFS question about social isolation due to lack of social support, culture, language or geographical issues.
61.	Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) A chronic, progressive circulation disorder caused by narrowing of the blood vessels (atherosclerosis) located outside of the heart, including arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels. For this reason, PVD is often used synonymously with the term peripheral a...
62.	Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal dialysis is a procedure that uses the patient's blood vessels in the abdominal lining in place of the kidneys to filter the patient's blood. This type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is less restrictive than hemodialysis because it does not ...
63.	Permanent Resident A permanent resident is someone who has been given permanent resident status by immigrating...
64.	Persistence (of Pharmaceutical Use) is broadly defined as continuing a course of (pharmaceutical) therapy when it is indicated that one should do so.
65.	Person-Years / Person Years A measurement of observation time per person and is often used as the denominator in incidence rates when, for varying periods, individuals are at risk of developing a disease, using a health service, or dying. Instead of using the number of people at the...
66.	Personal Care Activities of daily living including bathing, transferring, grooming, hygiene, mobility, feeding, and elimination.
67.	Personal Care Home (PCH) This term has different definitions in MCHP research. The majority use definition 1 below. Personal Care Homes (PCHs) are residential facilities for predominantly older persons with chronic illness or disability, also known as nursing homes(...
68.	Personal Care Home (PCH) / Long-Term Care (LTC) Persons admitted or panelled (on waiting list) to a Personal Care Home or long-term care facility, as recorded in the Personal Care Home file. We identified individuals as new clients if they were not registered in the Personal Care Home file in the year ...
69.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Admissions This indicator measures the percentage of area residents age 75+ admitted to a PCH in a year (values are the annual average for a two-year period). Area of residence was assigned based on where people lived at the time, which is determined by the location...
70.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Bed Equivalent All care provided to older adults (65+) that is currently being provided via PCHs; in this study current is the period at and immediately prior to 2008/09. This care may be provided by alternative sources in the future, but is equivalent to PCH care in 20...
71.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Bed Supply This indicator measures the average annual number of personal care home (PCH) beds per 1,000 residents 75 years and older. Provincial bed counts were taken from the Manitoba Health Bed Map. Federal bed counts and counts for Churchill were provided by the ...
72.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Beds The number of Personal Care Home (PCH) / Long Term Care (LTC) beds available.
73.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Costs These costs are estimated by multiplying the number of PCH days by a per diem.
74.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Data Data available from POPULIS includes the number of beds, admissions, the number of residents in PCHs, days of PCH care per resident, estimated costs of PCH care per resident, and estimated costs per PCH day. In addition, analysis can be performed on all a...
75.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Location Geographical location of Personal Care Homes (PCH) are determined by the same method used to determine Hospital Location.
76.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Per Diem Derived by taking Manitoba Health's expenditures for Personal Care Homes (PCH) and dividing that amount by the total number of PCH day, as obtained from the PCH file. Subtract an average residential charge of 35.00 dollars (the average amount paid by PCH ...
77.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Resident Rates The number of people in an area residing in a PCH for a defined period of time divided by the total number of people in that area. In this study, this was calculated for each RHA, separately for males and females, and three age groups (65-74, 75-84, 85+).
78.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Residents In Finlayson et al. (2007), a PCH resident is someone who lives in a personal care home (PCH); measured by the number of days they resided in a personal care home, weighted by their level of care. As an indicator, this measures the average annual perc...
79.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Types In Manitoba, personal care homes can be proprietary (for profit) or non-proprietary. Non-proprietary homes can be secular or ethno-cultural (associated with a particular religious faith or language other than English) as well as either freestanding or ju...
80.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Use The use of services provided in personal care homes (PCHs). The following variables have been used by Martens et al. (2003) and/or Martens et al. (2004) to analyze PCH use: Admissions - those admitted to a PCH in ...
81.	Personal Care Home (PCH) Use Rates The number of PCH days of care provided to people in an area divided by the total population in that area. In this study, this was calculated for each RHA, separately for males and females and three age groups (65-74, 75-84, 85+).
82.	Personal Care Home (PCH), Where PCH Residents Came From Prior to Admission This indicator measures the location where PCH residents age 75+ lived prior to their first admission to a PCH, using the following categories: (i) RHA Residents, (ii) Residents of Other RHAs, (iii) Residents of Winnipeg. Churchill RHA was excluded as th...
83.	Personal Care Home (PCH), Where RHA Residents Went for PCH Admission This indicator measures the location where RHA residents age 75+ went to for their first PCH admission, using the following categories: (i) RHA PCH, (ii) Other RHA PCH, (iii) Winnipeg PCH. Churchill RHA was excluded as there were no admissions for Church...
84.	Personal Health Identification Number (PHIN) The Personal Health Identification Number (PHIN) is a unique nine-digit numeric identifier assigned by Manitoba Health to every person registered for health insurance in Manitoba, and to non-residents who are treated in Manitoba at facilities which submit...
85.	Personality Disorders A class of mental illnesses characterized by chronic behavioral and relationship patterns that often cause serious personal and social difficulties, as well as a general impairment of functioning. For more detailed information, including the data sourc...
86.	Persons Hospitalized The number of unique residents who have had contact (separation) with the hospital system.
87.	Persons Per Room Based on the 2001 Census using a 20% sample. Statistics Canada defined this as the number of persons per room in a private household dwelling, where room was defined as an enclosed area within a dwelling which is finished and suitable for year-round livin...
88.	Pertussis Also known as whooping cough, it is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract.
89.	Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified Problems in areas related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or other developmental disorders, but the criteria for an official diagnosis has not been met.
90.	Pharmacare Program A drug benefit program for eligible Manitobans, regardless of age, whose incomes are seriously affected by high prescription drug costs. Coverage is based on a person's total family income and the amount he/she pays for eligible prescription drugs. To qua...
91.	Pharmaceutical Claims Drug prescription claims submitted for reimbursement to Manitoba's Pharmacare and Family Services drug insurance programs by federal drug insurance programs, such as Health Canada and Veteran Affairs, and by private drug insurance programs. For further in...
92.	Pharmaceutical Costs / Expenditures See Expenditures for Pharmaceuticals.
93.	Pharmaceutical Drug Use See Access to Pharmaceutical Care.
94.	Pharmaceutical Effectiveness The production of a benefit in a person for treatment or prevention of disease; cost-effectiveness is an indicator (ratio) of the cost of providing a pharmaceutical to the measure of health outcome the pharmaceutical is expected to produce. Effectiveness ...
95.	Pharmaceutical Use / Prescription Rate This is a measure of the total number of prescriptions per resident and includes any prescription medication captured in Manitoba's Drug Program Information Network (DPIN). The indicator measures the proportion of residents who had at least one prescript...
96.	Pharmaceutical User A resident of Manitoba having at least one prescription drug dispensed per year in Manitoba.
97.	Pharmaceutical Users, High-Cost Individuals for whom annual expenditures for prescription medications fall in the top 5th percentile of annual prescription expenditures. One of three mutually exclusive categories - Non-High Cost, Intermittent High-Cost and High-Cost Pharmaceut...
98.	Pharmaceutical Users, Intermittent High-Cost Individuals with high prescription expenditures in one year, and sporadic or intermittent high expenditures in previous years. For example, individuals for whom annual expenditures for prescription medications exceeded the 95th percentile in year t
99.	Pharmaceutical Users, Non-High Cost Individuals for whom annual expenditures for prescription medications do not fall in the top 5th percentile of annual prescription expenditures. One of three mutually exclusive categories - Non-High Cost, Intermittent High-Cost and High-Cost Ph...
100.	Pharmaceutical(s) / Drugs See Pharmaceutical Concepts
101.	PHC acronym for Primary Health Care (PHC)
102.	PHIN acronym for Personal Health Identification Number (PHIN)
103.	PHIS acronym for Population Health Information System (PHIS)
104.	PHNs acronym for Public Health Nurses (PHNs)
105.	PHRDR This is an acronym for the term Population Health Research Data Repository. For more information see the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository (Repository) glossary term.
106.	PHRU acronym for Population Health Research Unit (PHRU)
107.	Physical Activity Any activity that increases the heart rate. Physical activity is measured as KKD: Kilocalories expended/Kilogram of body weight/Day. According to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a value of 3 or more is "active" (the equivalent to walking appr...
108.	Physical Activity - Leisure and Travel - (CCHS Survey Data) Physical activity levels during leisure and travel-related physical activity is a derived variable for survey participants based on their average daily energy expenditure values (kcal/kg/day) calculated from a series of questions on physical activity. It ...
109.	Physical Activity - Occupational - (CCHS Survey Data) In the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), physical activity levels during occupational activities is a derived variable for survey participants based on their average daily energy expenditure values (kcal/kg/day) calculated from participants usual d...
110.	Physical Activity Index Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) respondents are classified as active, moderately active or inactive based on an index of average daily physical activity over the past 3 months. For each physical activity engaged in by the respondent, an average da...
111.	Physical Education Trends in Manitoba High Schools Prior to September 2008, all Manitoba grade 9 and 10 students were required to take Physical Education (PE) classes in order to graduate high school, representing 50% health and 50% physical education. Students could also take optional PE credits beyond t...
112.	Physical Functioning The physical functioning scale is a summary measure from the SF-36 questionnaire, indicating a person's ability to perform a variety of physical tasks from dressing and bathing, to walking one block, to vigorous exercise. The physical functioning scale is...
113.	Physical Health and Well-Being - Early Development Instrument (EDI) Domain A set of 13 items on the EDI used to assess a kindergarten child's readiness for school in terms of their "physical readiness for school day, physical independence, gross and fine motor skills" and other similar characteristics.
114.	Physician Access The proportion of the population with at least one Ambulatory Visit to a physician in a one-year period.
115.	Physician Assistant In Manitoba, a Physician Assistant is "a health care professional, licensed to practice medicine under the supervision of a licensed medical practitioner" (Physician Assistant Education Program (PAEP), University of Manitoba web site - accessed October 5...
116.	Physician Availability An indicator measuring the availability of physicians within Physician Service Areas (PSA). It is defined as the number (or full-time equivalent number) of physicians living in an area per 1000 residents.
117.	Physician Billings See Physician Claims glossary term.
118.	Physician Characteristics Physician profiling is valuable in contributing to an understanding of the role of the primary care physician. Profiling involves analyses of several key physician characteristics, including: age, gender, patient recall rate, average number of patients se...
119.	Physician Claims Also called physician billing claims or medical claims, physician claims data are stored in the Medical Services Database and contain information about ambulatory services: physician service information (which identify provider), type of service provided,...
120.	Physician Claims Exclusions Claims for oral surgery, dental, periodontal contacts, and prenatal visits, as well as services provided by chiropractors and optometrists are excluded from analysis.
121.	Physician Claims File See Medical Services Data.
122.	Physician Consultation Visits See Consultations (Ambulatory)
123.	Physician Contact Rate The number of physician visits a given population makes in a given time period. This rate can be an actual, or crude rate taken directly from the database, or can be an "adjusted" rate, taking into account the influence of age and gender characteristics.
124.	Physician Costs Physician costs are derived from the physician claims data. They reflect the costs incurred during ambulatory care physician visits.
125.	Physician Data In addition to physician claims, physician data may also include personal information, such as demographic characteristics (e.g. age, sex, place of graduation, etc.) and aggregate measures of workload and/or practice profiles (e.g. method of payment, phys...
126.	Physician Integrated Network (PIN) A primary care renewal initiative beginning in 2006 that works with fee-for-service (FFS) physicians and clinics to improve primary care services for both patients and providers. Specifically, the four main objectives of PIN are: to improve ...
127.	Physician Integrated Network (PIN) Data The Physician Integrated Network (PIN) data contains information about patient visits to family-practice clinics participating in PIN. This includes information such as patient demographics, prescriptions, dates of tests and lab work, and medical advice o...
128.	Physician Integrated Network (PIN) Fee-For-Service (FFS) Model of Primary Care The PIN FFS model of primary care engages primary care providers involved in PIN using Quality-Based Incentive Funding (QBIF): pay-for-performance funding that is provided to clinics meeting quality targets on certain CIHI primary care indicators, modifie...
129.	Physician Manual A manual defining the specific services and fee schedule for which a physician or a nurse practitioner may bill Manitoba Health. Services are identified by tariff codes. The manual is updated on a regular basis.
130.	Physician Numbers The number of physicians available / practicing in Manitoba at any given time.
131.	Physician Practice Characteristics Examples of practice characteristics include: practice size, average patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, and patient morbidity, as well as intensity of practice and continuity of care.
132.	Physician Practice Location The location of a physician's practice based on where the majority of his/her patients live. This may be determined in one of several ways, such as using the patient's municipal code, Regional Health Authority (RHA) or RHA district, or the physician bill...
133.	Physician Practice Population See Assigned Practice Population.
134.	Physician Practice Stability A measure of the stability of an area's physician coverage. Three dimensions are employed to estimate it: physician turnover, gaps in practice coverage (occurring when a replacement physician is not readily available), and the duration of physician retent...
135.	Physician Price Index The Physician Price Index is a costing tool that can be applied to medical claims data to distinguish between changes in physician costs due to changes in fees, and changes in costs due to changes in the number of procedures.
136.	Physician Reimbursement Claims All records of physician reimbursement for medical care provided under a fee-for-service arrangement for children living in Manitoba were selected from the MHSIP physician claims file.
137.	Physician Remuneration There are many different methods of physician payment / remuneration, including: fee-for-service, salaried where evaluation claims are available, salary and sessional anaesthetist, emergency room, and intensive care unit physician payments. Excluded from ...
138.	Physician Resource Committee (PRC) A committee responsible for co-managing the insured medical services plan with the Manitoba Medical Association.
139.	Physician Resource Database The Physician Resource Database is "an elaboration of the basic physician information available to the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository (Repository) from Manitoba Health. It contains physicians' demographic data and information derived from an...
140.	Physician Resource Planning Incorporates a needs-based approach to planning for the types of physician resources required.
141.	Physician Salaries See Salaried Physicians.
142.	Physician Service Areas (PSA) A geographic area that is identified based on where general practitioners (now referred to as family physicians) are providing their services and where residents are receiving services from these physicians. There are 54 PSAs in Manitoba.
143.	Physician Service Claim A record created representing a service provided by a physician. The records may be created in an electronic format or on a billing card. They may represent an actual bill for the service(s), or are submitted as a record of the service (an "evaluation c...
144.	Physician Service Delivery Area 282 municipalities are divided in 58 physician service delivery areas, defined in terms of where individuals are getting the majority of their visits. The defining characteristic was a concentration of population and an associated set of physicians (usual...
145.	Physician Services Two measures of physician services were used in this study: total physician visits (excluding diagnostic laboratory and imaging services), and total physician visits recording a mental health diagnosis. Both measures are classified by site of service (amb...
146.	Physician Specialties Physicians are classified as either general practice (including family practice) or specialist. Specialists refer to the following: psychiatry, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, medical specialists, general surgeons, and surgical specialists. Se...
147.	Physician Supply The number of physicians who grossed 40,000 dollars or more in 1 year, based on submitted claims, and some salaried and all fee-for-service physicians. It does not include technical specialists, such as radiologists, anaesthetists or pathologists, nor doe...
148.	Physician Use In this study three variables were used to measure the use of physician services: psychiatrist visit rate, psychiatric diagnosis rate, and overall physician visit rate. Psychiatric diagnoses were defined as the presence of any of ICD-9-CM codes 290-319 (m...
149.	Physician Visit Indicators A set of indicators measuring the rate of ambulatory physician visits for 2 conditions: disability among youth and functional limitations. It is 1 of 6 major Health Status Indicator categories.
150.	Physician Visits See Ambulatory Visits - Physician.
151.	Physician Visits - Mental Health Related This is an indicator measuring the rate of ambulatory visits to a physician for a mental health related condition, identified by any diagnosis code from Chapter 5 (Mental Disorders) in the ICD-9-CM code book.
152.	Physician Visits - Service Types See Service Types - Physician Visits.
153.	Physician Visits Per Child Measures the average number of physician contacts per child.
154.	Physician Workload The number of ambulatory physician visits provided by a physician per year.
155.	Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) A computerized system for storage and distribution of digital medical images over a networked environment.
156.	Placenta "Specialized disk-shaped organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall for gas and nutrient exchange. Also called afterbirth." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
157.	Placenta Previa A condition of pregnancy where a "placenta implanted in the lower segment of the uterus, presenting ahead of the leading pole of the fetus". (Oppenheimer L et al., 2007). For more information, please read the
158.	Plurality Approach to Patient Assignment / Allocation A method that assigns patients exclusively to their most responsible health care provider. In one method, the most responsible physician was the one who provided more of their visits than any other physician. When more than one physician provided equal nu...
159.	PMR acronym for Premature Mortality Rate (PMR)
160.	Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-7) A vaccine for infants and young children to help prevent serious pneumococcal disease. This vaccine protects against seven strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae .
161.	Pneumococcal Disease Caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), it is the leading cause of bacteremia, meningitis, and bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal disease is most common in the very young, the elderly, and certain high risk groups such as ind...
162.	Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine 23 (PPV-23) A vaccine to help prevent serious pneumococcal disease recommended for adults 65 years or older and for anyone aged two to 64 with long-term health problems. This vaccine protects against 23 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae .
163.	Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Lobar pneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs. Bacterial pneumonia in adults...
164.	Point Prevalence The measure of a disease or condition in a population at a given point in time.
165.	Poisoning The condition or physical state produced by the ingestion of, injection of, inhalation of, or absorption of a substance which interferes with normal body functions. Two primary groups of poisons exist: chemicals never intended to be ingested or inhaled (s...
166.	Poisson Distribution The pattern usually followed by a set of results in which the measurements are counts. It is a special case of the binomial distribution (see Negative Binomial Distribution ) in which the number of indivi...
167.	Poisson Regression Statistical analyses for data that follow a Poisson distribution, which is the pattern usually followed by a set of results in which the measurements are counts and has the assumption that the variance of an outcome is equal to its mean. Poisson regressio...
168.	Polio A highly infectious viral disease that affects the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord and may result in paralysis.
169.	Polypharmacy This identifies the number of dispensed medications in a given time frame (e.g.: per year). MCHP research examples include: persons taking six or more different medications per year (Kozyrskyj et al., 2005); the proportion of personal car...
170.	Polyvalent Capable of counteracting more than one agent (such as a toxin or antigen).
171.	Poor Coding Hospitals Identifies hospitals that use service codes to identify the number of cases and days designated non-acute, compared to the number of long term Revenues days (chronic care, respite and panelled days) reported to Manitoba Health. If the ratio of the non-acu...
172.	Population See Manitoba Population.
173.	Population Aging A demographic term used to define the age structure of a given population. In any given year, population age can be calculated as the percent of a population age 65 years and older. Depending on the purpose, changes in population age can be calculated usi...
174.	Population Attributable Risk Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR %) is used to report: the proportion of cases in the population that is attributable to the exposure. the proportion of cases in the population that could be prevented if the risk factor was elimin...
175.	Population Based Rates These are rates that are based on the population of Winnipeg residents or on the population of Manitoba. In Roos et al. (1996), they calculated rates for the population of Manitoba measured at the midpoint of the year. For rates which require a number...
176.	Population by Regional Health Authority (RHA) Population numbers for each Regional Health Authority (RHA) in Manitoba.
177.	Population by Winnipeg Community Area (CA) Population numbers for each Winnipeg Community Area (CA). Population numbers for each CA in 1998 are available from the Winnipeg Community Areas (CA) concept.
178.	Population Count Data The Population Count data provides annual snapshots (numbers) of the Manitoba population, taken from the Manitoba Health Insurance Registry as of June 30 each year. Data is available from 1975 forward. The data is categorized by age, sex, postal code and...
179.	Population Density Rule A census definition used to distinguish between urban and rural areas. "Urban" represents continually built up areas with a population concentration of at least 1,000 and a population density of 400 persons or more per square kilometre (per 256 acres) bas...
180.	Population Health Measuring and reporting the health status of the population.
181.	Population Health Information System (PHIS) See Population-Based Health Information System (POPULIS).
182.	Population Health Research Unit (PHRU) Concept Dictionary An on-line dictionary of the Population Health Research Unit (PHRU) Concept Dictionary at Dalhousie University.
183.	Population Health Status See Health Status.
184.	Population Pyramid (Population Profile) A graphic representation of the age and sex distribution of a population. The percentage of the population within each five-year age bracket is shown for both males and females. Most developing countries of the world will have a population pyramid tri...
185.	Population Registry See the term Manitoba Health Insurance Registry Data.
186.	Population Size The number of people living within the geographic area.
187.	Population Surveillance Langmuir, one of the originators of the modern concept, defined population surveillance in 1963 as "the continued watchfulness over the distribution and trends of incidence through the systematic collection, consolidation and evaluation of morbidity and m...
188.	Population Weighted Analysis Takes into consideration the different sizes of areas under consideration, giving weight to an area's population in determining an average utilization pattern. The patterns in more populous areas would play a greater role in defining an average pattern th...
189.	Population-Based The experience of ALL individuals in a group are tracked regardless of where the use (or death) occurs. Events that occur outside the geographic area are attributed back to the population group to which individuals belong.
190.	Population-Based Health Information System (POPULIS) Formerly called Population Health Information System (PHIS), POPULIS was developed by MCHP to provide population based information on the health and health care utilization of Manitobans. It links the health of the population to its use of health care ser...
191.	POPULIS acronym for Population-Based Health Information System (POPULIS)
192.	PORTs acronym for Patient Outcomes Research Teams (PORTs)
193.	Positive and Negative Tests Results of tests in determining the presence of a disease. When the disease has been identified, the test result is 'positive'; when the disease is absent, the test result is 'negative'.
194.	Positive Predictive Value (PPV) The positive predictive value of a test is the probability that the patient/subject has the disease/condition when restricted to those patients/subjects who test positive. This term is sometimes abbreviated as PPV. You can compute the positive predictive ...
195.	Possible ALC (Alternate Level of Care) Hospitalizations or days of hospital care categorized as Possible ALC (rather than Coded ALC) are those for which the patient did not have an ALC Reason Code included on their hospital abstract, and was not designated as Alternate Level of Care (ALC), but...
196.	Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Care: Beta-Blocker Prescribing The crude percentage of patients with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in five years of hospital discharge abstracts who filled at least one prescription for a
197.	Post-Neonatal Defined as age 29 days to 1 year.
198.	Post-Operative Abdominopelvic Wound Dehiscence Post-operative abdominopelvic wound dehiscence is the unintentional opening of a surgical wound of the abdomen after surgery. These cases require a second procedure to re-close the surgical site.
199.	Post-Operative Hemorrhage or Hematoma A post-operative hemorrhage refers to a loss of blood occurring after a surgical procedure that is copious enough to threaten health or life. A post-operative hematoma is a localized swelling filled with blood, commonly referred to as a bruise, resulting ...
200.	Post-operative Thromboembolism A post-operative thromboembolism refers to a blood clot that occurs after surgery, either in a deep vein, usually in the leg (deep-vein thrombosis) or in an artery of the lung (pulmonary embolism). Walking and staying active as soon as possible after surg...
201.	Postal Code A six character code defining postal areas within Canada. Canadian postal codes have the format A0A 0A0 where A is a letter of the alphabet and 0 is a numeric digit. Postal code is used to define groups based on their geographic loc...
202.	Postal Code Conversion Files (PCCF) As data support files, the Postal Code Conversion Files (PCCF) provide a link between the six-character postal code and the standard Census geographic areas, such as dissemination areas (DAs) and
203.	Postnatal Care A series of regular contacts following childbirth between a health care provider and both mother and infant.
204.	Postneonatal Mortality Rate The number of deaths of live born babies weighing 500 grams or more between 28 and 364 days after birth per 1,000 live births. Note: This weight is consistent with definitions used by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). The primary cause ...
205.	Postoperative Management The volume and distribution of postoperative stays, including: 0 days stay, 1 days stay, or 2 plus days stay.
206.	Postpartum The period of time after childbirth and/or delivery.
207.	Postpartum Hospital Readmission Maternal re-hospitalization during the postpartum period. Includes hospital admissions which occur in a defined period (within 90 days) following childbirth and may involve either complications related to pregnancy and/or delivery or unrelated medical con...
208.	Postpartum Psychological Distress Any form of psychological distress (e.g., anxiety and/or depression) occurring between birth and one-year postpartum. A woman was considered to have postpartum psychological distress if in the 12 months after giving birth (or hospital discharge in case of...
209.	Postterm Birth A birth where the gestational age of the infant is 42 or more weeks.
210.	Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) PYLL is an indicator of early death (before age 75) that gives greater weight to deaths occurring at a younger age than to those at later ages. PYLL emphasizes the loss of the potential contribution that younger individuals can make to society. By emphasi...
211.	Potentially Avoidable Death Rates This indicator is expressed as the average annual rate of potentially avoidable deaths per 1,000 residents age 0-74. Potentially Avoidable Deaths were defined by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) in 2016. See the CIHI web site for mo...
212.	Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Benzodiazepines to Older Adults (75+) The crude percentage of seniors age 75+ who had at least two prescriptions for Benzodiazepines or a greater than a 30 day supply in a fiscal year. Separate rates are provided for community-dwelling seniors, and those resident in Personal Care Homes (PCH) ...
213.	PPHSI acronym for Prototype Poor Health Status Index (PPHSI)
214.	PPHSS acronym for Provincial Public Health Statistic System (PPHSS)
215.	PPV acronym for Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
216.	Practice Populations All persons receiving care from one physician or at one particular physician practice. Several different methods can be used to define a practice population: Plurality, Equivalent, and Majority Source of Care Method.
217.	Practice Size Used in the regression analyses, this was defined as the total number of patient visits to the physician in the study year.
218.	Practice Stability See Physician Practice Stability.
219.	Practice-based research Research that is grounded in, informed by, and intended to improve practice with the goal of improving the health of patients.
220.	Practice-based research network A group of separate practices that collaborate with each other and often with outside experts to conduct multiple research projects over an extended period of time while continuing to deliver care to patients.
221.	Practicing Family Physician (FP) Any Winnipeg FP who bills the Medical Service Plan any amount in every fiscal year quarter.
222.	PRC acronym for Physician Resource Committee (PRC)
223.	Predictive Accuracy Accuracy of predicted or estimated values in a statistical model or equation.
224.	Predictive Validity The extent to which a measure can accurately predict that something will occur in the future.
225.	Preeclampsia "Toxemia of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, albuminuria, and edoma." (Olds SB et al., 2004). See Eclampsia glossary term for more information. Preeclampsia is identified by ICD-10-CA code O14....
226.	Pregnancy In Heaman et al. (2012), the term "pregnancy" covers the following outcomes: live births, molar pregnancies, ectopic pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, induced abortions, and stillbirths.
227.	Pregnancy and Birth Service Type An inpatient hospitalization where the main reason for the hospital stay was related to pregnancy or birth. In Fransoo et al. (2013), pregnancy and birth hospitalizations were defined by a major clinical category (MCC) code 13, and supplemented with hospi...
228.	Prehospital Health Status Risk Factors One of three categories of risk factors related specifically to the health status / conditions present that may impact discharge outcomes for long stay patients. The risk factors include: receipt of home care in the past year, number of hospitalizations i...
229.	Prehospital Sociodemographic Risk Factors One of three categories of risk factors related specifically to the sociodemographic factors that may impact discharge outcomes for long stay patients. The risk factors include: age, gender, living alone/living with someone, Winnipeg/non-Winnipeg residenc...
230.	Premature Birth Rate The ratio of live born babies born in a Manitoba hospital with a Manitoba postal code or municipality code with a gestation period of less than 37 weeks to the number of live born babies born in a Manitoba hospital with a Manitoba postal code or municipal...
231.	Premature Mortality Death occurring before the age of 75 years. It is an important indicator of the general health of a population, with high premature mortality rates indicating poor health. It is also referred to as 'death among those aged 0-74'.
232.	Premature Mortality Rate (PMR) Premature mortality rates (PMR) are often used as an overall indicator of population health and are correlated with other commonly used measures. PMR is an important indicator of the general health of a population, with high PMR indicating poor health sta...
233.	Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) When the amniotic sac breaks or leaks before labour begins. Preterm PROM is when this occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Source: Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada Web Site. Women's Health Information, Pregnancy, Preterm Lab...
234.	Prenatal Alcohol Use / Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy This indicator measures the percentage of women with newborns who self-reported consuming alcoholic beverages during pregnancy on the Families First Screening (FFS) Form. Additional information about prenatal alcohol use can be found in the Hospital Ab...
235.	Prenatal and Family Risk Factors These are risk factors associated with poor child outcomes. In Brownell et al. (2008), six prenatal and family risk factors were investigated, based on information contained in the two-stage screening process for families in Manitoba Health's Families Fi...
236.	Prenatal Care in First Trimester This indicator identifies the percentage of pregnancies in which the first prenatal visit occurred in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy. Physician tariff codes used for identifying prenatal care included: 8400, 8401, 8501, 8507, 8509, 8529, 8540, and 8550.
237.	Prenatal Care Visits (PCV) / Prenatal Care (PNC) / Prenatal Doctor Visits A series of regular contacts between a healthcare provider, typically a physician, and a pregnant woman, that take place at scheduled intervals between the confirmation of pregnancy and the initiation of labour. The primary function of this care is to mon...
238.	Prenatal Population Pregnant females aged 10 years or older.
239.	Prenatal Psychological Distress Any form of diagnosed psychological distress (e.g., anxiety and/or depression) occurring during the eight months prior to giving birth. A woman was considered to have prenatal psychological distress if in the eight months prior to giving birth (or hospita...
240.	Prenatal Smoking / Smoking During Pregnancy This indicator measures the percentage of women with newborns (live birth) who self-reported smoking during pregnancy on the Families First Screening Form. Additional information about prenatal smoking can be found in the Hospital Abstracts data, if th...
241.	Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) One of four measures of intensity of use, this gives the average daily amount of a drug that is actually prescribed.
242.	Prescribed Days Supplied The total number of "days supplied" as recorded on the prescription records in the DPIN database. This measure indicates the intended number of days of therapy represented by a given prescription. It can be used to calculate the prescribed daily dosage ...
243.	Prescribed Medications Medications that are prescribed by a physician. To be differentiated from medications that are dispensed by a pharmacist.
244.	Prescribing (Appropriateness) Indicator A measure that indicates the alignment of prescribing with the processes of care as established by evidence-based guidelines. Examples of these indicators include prescribing criteria addressing acceptable durations of treatment, rates of rule-out investi...
245.	Prescribing Protocols Protocols set in place to help manage choices among therapeutically similar but chemically distinct products. They typically require that designated first-line treatment options be tried and exhausted before higher cost therapies are eligible for reimburs...
246.	Prescription Cost Total cost (ingredient cost plus professional fee) of prescription recorded in the Drug Program Information Network (DPIN) prescription database. Costs for prescriptions not reimbursed by Pharmacare or Family services were imputed using a formula describe...
247.	Prescription Drug Claims These are transactions for prescription drug claims. See Drug Program Information Network (DPIN) for more information.
248.	Prescription Drug Database See Drug Program Information Network (DPIN) Data.
249.	Prescriptions Any prescription dispensed in a retail pharmacy and recorded in the provincial prescription database (Drug Program Information Network (DPIN)). This includes prescriptions paid out-of-pocket and prescriptions reimbursed by Manitoba's Pharmacare and Family...
250.	Prescriptions Dispensed The number of prescriptions filled. This does not include prescriptions written but not filled.
251.	Presenting Complaint Categories Each emergency department (ED) visit record lists the main reason the patient went to the ED; these are known as presenting complaints. Presenting complaints differ from diagnoses in that the patient may initially present with vague symptoms such as chest...
252.	Preterm Birth A live birth where the gestational age of the infant is less than 37 weeks. Preterm births are frequently categorized as early preterm and late preterm.
253.	Preterm Birth Rate The preterm birth rate is expressed as the percent of live births with a gestational age of less than 37 completed weeks out of all live births in Manitoba hospitals (ICD–10–CA code Z38). Records with gestational age missing, less than 20 weeks, or gr...
254.	Prevalence The term prevalence refers to the proportion of the population that "has"** a given disease at a given time. The measure of a condition in a population at a given point in time is referred to as point prevalence. A second type is called period prevalence....
255.	Preventative Care See Preventive Care / Services.
256.	Preventive Care / Services Medical services typically delivered by physicians and public health nurses that are directed at the prevention or early detection of disease. There are two levels or types of preventive care: primary preventive care (immunizations) and secondary preventi...
257.	Preventive Care Index (PCI) An index that measures the extent to which physicians provide appropriate preventive services to their eligible patients. It includes three such services: childhood immunizations, influenza vaccination for seniors, and cervical cancer screening. The Index...
258.	Preventive Intervention See Preventive Care / Services.
259.	Preventive Medical Services See Preventive Care / Services.
260.	Preventive Medicine See Preventive Care / Services.
261.	Preventive Services Index See Preventive Care Index (PCI).
262.	Price-Adjusted Billings The assignment of a standardized price to each tariff code for all fiscal years, used to understand temporal changes in billings.
263.	Primary Care "Many types of care you receive can be described as primary care. For example, primary care refers to those times when you receive a diagnosis, treatment or help with a health problem, or even when a health care provider talks with you about staying healt...
264.	Primary Care Physician (PCP) A general practitioner or family physician who assesses, diagnoses, and treats common illnesses and who typically serves as a patient's first contact with the healthcare system (Orgain, 2009). NOTE: The term General Practitioner (GP) is no long...
265.	Primary care practice-based research Research that is grounded in, informed by, and intended to improve primary care practice with the goal of improving the health of patients.
266.	Primary care practice-based research networks Practice-based research networks composed primarily of primary care clinicians that focus their research and development activities on issues relevant to the primary care of patients.
267.	Primary Care Providers In MCHP research, primary care providers include Family Physicians (FP) and Nurse Practitioners that provide pr...
268.	Primary care research Research directed at understanding and improving the primary care function as defined by the Institute of Medicine ("the provision of integrated, accessible healthcare services by clinicians that are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal...
269.	Primary Care Utilization The population's use of primary care services as measured by the number of primary care visits.
270.	Primary Data Sources Sources of data that provide data to answer specific hypothetical questions. An example would be an audit of randomly selected hospital charts. Primary data sources are also used by health services research, frequently in conjunction with secondary data i...
271.	Primary Diagnosis Also known as the "most responsible diagnosis", this is the discharge diagnosis most responsible for the length of a patient's hospital stay. Used in Canada. Studies have shown a 98% equivalence rate for AMI, comparing with the term "principal diagnosis" ...
272.	Primary Health Care (PHC) In Manitoba, "the first level of contact with the health system where services are mobilized to promote health, prevent illnesses, care for common illnesses, and manage ongoing health problems." (Manitoba Health, 2006). For more information, see the
273.	Primary Migration First migration of an individual to a new country (e.g. Canada) directly from the country of ...
274.	Primary Prevention Prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations through promotion of health, and specific protection, as in immunization, as distinguished from the prevention of complications or after-effects of existing disease. Preve...
275.	Primary Series The first unit of recommended vaccinations. Manitoba's immunization schedule recommends immunization with DTaP-IPV-Hib (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type B) at two, four, six, and 18 months. These five antigens ...
276.	Primary Service Code The service code indicating the primary service a patient received.
277.	Primigravida "A woman who is pregnant for the first time". (Olds SB et al., 2004).
278.	Primipara "A woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks' gestation, regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
279.	Primiparous See Primipara glossary term.
280.	Principal Components Analysis A method of factor analysis in which the total variance in a data set of many variables is analysed. That is, every variable contributes all of its variance (the sum of each score's squared difference from the mean) in an attempt to identify an underlying...
281.	Principal Diagnosis Used in the United States to represent the discharge diagnosis responsible for the hospital admission. Studies have shown a 98% equivalence rate for AMI, comparing with the term "primary diagnosis" that is used in Canada. Also referred to as Most Responsi...
282.	Private Cost-Total The total amount for the purchase of prescriptions dispensed not paid by Manitoba Health. Referred to as private sector costs, it includes payments through private insurance or out-of-pocket individual expenditures incurred before patients reach their ded...
283.	Procedures These are procedures, especially surgery, that are defined in ICD-9-CM.
284.	Process Measures These measures reflect the actual delivery and receipt of care, encompassing both clinical effectiveness and interpersonal effectiveness (care). One of three key categories of measurement of quality of care, it encompasses both clinical and interpersonal ...
285.	Process Quality Indicators (QIs) Indicators that reflect the standards of care provided by evaluating the clinical and interpersonal effectiveness (care) of healthcare staff without necessarily taking into account the health needs of the individual. (Campbell et al., 2000).
286.	Project-Specific Quality Type of quality evaluation and a component in the MCHP Data Quality Framework. This component encompasses concepts of accuracy and validity, both used to determine the usability of data for project-specific analyses. As opposed to measures of database-sp...
287.	Propensity Scores Propensity scores are used to estimate the effect of receiving treatment when random assignment of treatments to subjects is not feasible. The estimated propensity score for a subject is the conditional probability of being assigned to a particular treatm...
288.	Prophylactic Measures Prophylactic measures are measures designed to prevent the occurrence of an adverse event, a disease or its dissemination. Examples of prophylactic measures for patient safety include: standard protocols, procedures or actions such as compression stocking...
289.	Proportion of Visits to Usual Provider (Continuity of Care) Proportion of visits to most frequently seen physician during the year.
290.	Proprietary Personal Care Home (PCH) Describes a type of personal care home (PCH) that is operated on a for profit basis. In Manitoba, all proprietary PCHs are free-standing facilities.
291.	Prosecutions Information and Scheduling Management (PRISM) System Data The Prosecutions Information and Scheduling Management (PRISM) System data from Manitoba Justice contains information about the individuals’ type of involvement in the incident (accused, victim, witness), and the if an accused then all the charge(s) rel...
292.	Prospective Studies A study that follow individuals forward through time.
293.	Protection This category applies to child protection investigations and interventions under Part III of The Child and Family Services Act.
294.	Protective Factors Protective factors are those things that help individuals contend more effectively with risk factors and unhealthy health events. They enhance the current and future resiliency of an individual, and are important to healthy development.
295.	Protective Services Families where children are in need of protection are provided with protective services from Child and Family Services, which are services provided when a child's life, health or emotional well-being are seen as endangered. These services are provided wit...
296.	Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR) The Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is used to measure the results of a lab test of proteinuria related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using the Diagnostic Services Manitoba (DSM) - Chemistry Data (** - ...
297.	Proteinuria Proteinuria is an excess of protein in the urine due to kidney disease, strenuous exercise, or dehydration. Proteinuria is most commonly caused by damage to the kidney's ability to filter protein, which can make the capillaries in the kidneys more permeab...
298.	Prototype Poor Health Status Index (PPHSI) The strong correlation between socio-economic characteristics and Socio-Economic Risk Index (SERI) allowed for the construction of a simple index of risk factors for poor health. The PPHSI is a measure of health status, based on a composite of five health...
299.	Provider Registry Data The Provider Registry (previously known as the Physician Resource File) contains "snapshots" of provider and practice information obtained quarterly from Manitoba Health. Details about physicians and nurse practitioners, and their practices are available...
300.	Provider Type The practitioner who ordered the laboratory test. In Lix et al. (2012), the categories for provider type included: General Practitioner (GP), specialist, missing/unlinked and other (e.g.: midwives).
301.	Provincial Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita The GDP is a relative measure of the wealth of the individual provinces. If provincial health expenditures are a function of need for health care, one might expect the residents of poorer provinces to have poorer health status and require higher health ca...
302.	Provincial Health Insurance Registry See Manitoba Health Insurance Registry Data.
303.	Provincial Nominee The provincial nominee program is for skilled workers who wish to migrate and settle in the d...
304.	Provincial Public Health Statistic System (PPHSS) Data The Provincial Public Health Statistic System (PPHSS) is a data collection system used by Public Health service providers in the Manitoba Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) to collect and provide information on the delivery of public health activities in ...
305.	Provisional Billing Numbers A billing number assigned temporarily to a physician under certain conditions, that allow the physician to make claims and bill the government for services they provide.
306.	PSA acronym for Physician Service Areas (PSA)
307.	PSI acronym for Patient Safety Indicator (PSI)
308.	Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that causes areas of thickened, inflamed, red skin, often covered with silvery scales. Approximately one-third of people with psoriasis also have psoriatic arthritis, a condition that causes joint pain and swelling (Fe...
309.	Psychiatric Unit A designated unit within a hospital that allocates beds for patients with mental health disorders. In Manitoba, these include the Psychiatric Extended Treatment Unit in Grace General Hospital and the Forensic Psychiatry Unit in Health Sciences Centre.
310.	Psychiatrist Visits Psychiatrists are physicians specializing in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychologists also have advanced training in psychiatric disorders, but are not physicians and are not included in the medical claims data or in our definition of psychia...
311.	Psychosis / Psychoses Medical condition involving a loss of contact with reality, often with symptoms such as hallucinations (sensing things that are not present or do not exist) or delusions (fixed false beliefs in events or facts). Psychosis is defined as any claim for a ps...
312.	Psychostimulant Medications Medications used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. For a list of psychostimulant medications, including the DINs and ATC codes, used in the Child Health Atlas Update (2008), please see the Links section
313.	Psychotic Disorders Psychotic disorders in children is a broad term used to describe a group of disorders that are characterized by extreme impairment of the ability to think clearly, respond emotionally, communicate effectively, understand reality, and behave appropriately....
314.	Psychotic Mental Health Condition See Psychotic Disorder..
315.	Psychotropics Medications designed to influence the mind, emotions, and behavior. Includes antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety agents, anti-panic agents, mood stabilizers, stimulants, opioids and hallucinogens (Miller and Keane, 2003). Additional Informa...
316.	PTCA acronym for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
317.	Public Cost-Total The total amount the government spends toward the purchase of prescriptions dispensed. These include Pharmacare expenses after patients have reached their individual deductibles, payments under the Family Services plan, and the Non-Insured Benefits plan f...
318.	Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) The Government of Canada agency responsible for public health, whose "primary goal is to strengthen Canada's capacity to protect and improve the health of Canadians and to help reduce pressures on the health-care system". More information can be found ...
319.	Public Health Information Management System (PHIMS) The Public Health Information Management System (PHIMS) is an integrated information system that supports the collection and dissemination of information related to public health initiatives (e.g., immunizations, communicable disease control, health inspe...
320.	Public Health Nurses (PHNs) Nurses with expertise in areas such as communicable diseases, maternal-child and school health. PHNs deliver services within communities using a community-based model whereby services are driven by the needs and resources of a defined community.
321.	Public Insurance Prescriptions reimbursed by Manitoba's Pharmacare (post-deductible level only) and Family Services drug insurance programs, and by federal drug insurance programs such as Health Canada and Veteran Affairs. Costs prior to a person's deductible level were d...
322.	Public Libraries A non-profit educational and information source. Information on Manitoba public libraries can be found at the Manitoba Library Association web site.
323.	Public Library Books Per Capita Information from the Manitoba Library Association list of Public Libraries in Manitoba is used to obtain the number of library books per region. For libraries without book collection numbers on the web site, the main branch libraries or individual librari...
324.	Public Trustee Office / Public Guardian and Trustee "A provincial government Special Operating Agency that manages and protects the affairs of Manitobans who are unable to do so themselves and have no one else willing or able to act. This includes mentally incompetent and vulnerable adults, deceased estate...
325.	Pulmonary Embolism (PE) A pulmonary embolism is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air, clumped tumor cells, or a blood clot. The most common cause of a pulmonary embolism is a blood clot in the veins of the legs, called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Many PE clear up o...
326.	PYLL acronym for Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) .

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