Max Rady College of Medicine

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1. C-Section Rate
acronym for Caesarean Section (C-Section) Rate
2. C-statistic
The probability that predicting the outcome is better than chance. Used to compare the goodness of fit of logistic regression models, values for this measure range from 0.5 to 1.0. A value of 0.5 indicates that the model is no better than chance at making...
3. CA
acronym for Census Agglomeration (CA) AND Winnipeg Community Areas (CAs)
4. CABG
acronym for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
5. CAD
acronym for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
6. Cadham Provincial Laboratory (CPL) - Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) Data
The CPL - Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) data from the Cadham Provincial Laboratory (CPL) contains information on various laboratory tests and screens done in Manitoba in the areas of Microbiology, Serology and Parasitology, Virology, as ...
7. Cadham Provincial Laboratory (CPL) Data
The Cadham Provincial Laboratory (CPL) data contain information regarding various tests and screens in Manitoba in the areas of Microbiology, Serology and Parasitology, and Virology as well as patient and clinical information related to each test.
8. Caesarean Birth
"Birth of fetus accomplished by performing a surgical incision through the maternal abdomen and uterus." (Olds SB et al., 2004). For the method used to identify caesarean births in Heaman et al. (2012), including the ICD-9-CM and CCI codes, please see ...
9. Caesarean Section (C-Section) Rate
C-Section rates for women of child-bearing age (e.g. 12 to 51 years) were calculated by taking the ratio of the number of women giving birth by C-Section to the total number of women giving birth (born alive and stillbirths). Data comes from the hospital...
10. Caesarean Section / Cesarean Section (C-Section)
A procedure in which a baby, rather than being born vaginally, is surgically extracted (removed) from the uterus. NOTE: In MCHP research, the word caesarean has also been spelled cesarean and caesarian. In the Concept Dictionary and Glossary, all t...
11. Calendar Year
A calendar year runs from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, in the same year.
12. Canadian Adverse Event Following Immunization Surveillance System (CAEFISS)
A national monitoring system in Canada for reporting undesirable events following immunization. See Public Health Agency of Canada - CAEFISS for more information.
13. Canadian Census Data
Social data based on a population survey (census) that include aggregate demographic information such as age, sex, marital status, employment, and income for all persons and housing units within a dissemination area in Canada. Statistics Canada conducts a...
14. Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS)
A surveillance system that uses linked administrative data sources from every province and territory to estimate the incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions, as well as related risk factors, use of health services, and health outcomes. Its aim is t...
15. Canadian Classification of Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Surgical Procedures (CCP)
"The Canadian Classification of Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Surgical Procedures (CCP) was originally developed by Statistics Canada in 1978 to meet Canadian needs for a procedural classification to be used in conjunction with ICD-9. CCP is divided into t...
16. Canadian Classification of Health Interventions (CCI)
A classification system for coding health care procedures in Canada, used in companion with the International Classification of Diseases, version 10, with Canadian Enhancements (ICD-10-CA). The CCI coding system is divided into broad intervention group...
17. Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)
The CCHS is an annual survey (biennial until 2007) conducted by Statistics Canada to provide regular and timely cross-sectional estimates of health determinants, health status and health system utilization for 136 health regions in Canada, including the t...
18. Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement (CFHI)
Previously known as the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation (CHSRF), this non-profit organization was renamed the Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement (CFHI) in November 2012. The mission of the Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improv...
19. Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD)
The Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD) is an area-based index which used 2016 Census of Population microdata to measure four key dimensions of deprivation and marginalization at the dissemination area (DA) level: residential instability; situat...
20. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
An independent, not-for-profit organization that provides essential data and analysis on Canada's health system and the health of Canadians. For more information visit the CIHI web site, accessible through the links section below. The C...
21. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is Canada's federal funding agency for health research. Composed of 13 Institutes, CIHR provides leadership and support to more than 14,100 health researchers and trainees across Canada. Source: ...
22. Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) Data
The Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) data contains administrative and clinical data related to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care provided at the Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital in Winnipeg. For more information on the CNN data, ...
23. Canadian Pharmacists Association
An association that provides research on drug utilization, cost, and innovation, aimed at health education and promotion in Canada.
24. Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI)
A part of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), the CPHI's main focus is to improve understanding of factors affecting the health of individuals and communities, and to contribute to developing policies that reduce inequities and improve t...
25. Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) Data
The Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) is a pan-Canadian multi-disease public and population health surveillance system. The CPCSSN data is comprised of electronic medical record (EMR) information collected from participating pri...
26. Canadian Triage & Acuity Scale (CTAS) - Emergency Department
A five-level system used in an emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) facility to assess patients according to the urgency of their condition. CTAS allocates patients into one of five categories based on their urgency of need (Beveridge et al., 199...
27. Canadian Urban Environmental (CANUE) Data
The Canadian Urban Environmental (CANUE) datasets are a collection of data from the Canadian Urban Environmental (CANUE) Health Research Consortium. This data contains measures related to the environment and neighborhood / urban living. The data is br...
28. Cancellation of Healthcare Coverage
A Manitoba resident may have their provincial healthcare coverage cancelled in the Manitoba Health Insurance Registry for a variety of reasons including: death, moving out of province, either to another province / territory or out of countr...
29. Cancer
Cancer refers to a collection of diseases related to abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. This growth may result in tumours, which can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors may attack other body tissues and/or spread throughout the body (...
30. Cancer Data
Cancer related data can be found in the MCHP Data Repository, either in the form of physician claims or laboratory bills, or specifically from the Manitoba Cancer Registry and Treatment data.
31. Cancer Deaths
Rates of death for which cancer (ICD-9-CM codes in the range 140-239) was reported as the primary cause.
32. Cancer Diagnoses Agreement
This statistical method investigates the diagnostic validity / level of agreement between the patient's cancer diagnoses found in the Manitoba Cancer Registry data compared to the patient's cancer diagnosis appearing in the Hospital Abstracts data or the ...
33. Cancer Incidence
The number of newly diagnosed cases of cancer, in five-year aggregate time periods, as reported by CancerCare Manitoba. Includes ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes in the range 140-208. Non-malignant skin cancers were excluded. Katz et al. (2019) used invasive...
34. Cancer Incidence by Site (Top 10 Cancers)
Cancer incidence by site is the percent of individuals diagnosed with specific invasive cancer types amongst all those diagnosed with any cancer in a specified time period. For more information, see:
35. Cancer Incidence Rate
The rate at which new cases of cancer are being reported. The results are derived from information provided by the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation in 1996.
36. Cancer Indicators
A set of indicators for describing rates associated with different types of cancer, including: lung, non-melanoma skin, bladder, colon, breast, kidney, and other cancers. There are specific ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for each type of cancer.
37. Cancer Mortality
Cancer deaths as reported by Vital Statistics (ICD-9 codes: 140-208).
38. Cancer Rates
The rate of new cases of cancer diagnosed each year, excluding non-malignant skin cancers.
39. Cancer Site
Cancer site indicates the part of the body where the cancer originated; the primary site, regardless of metastasis. Examples of this include breast, colorectal and lung. In Lix et al. (2016), analysis focused on six specific cancer sites, as defined b...
40. Cancer Stage
Cancer stage indicates the severity of an individual's cancer at the time of diagnosis. Staging follows the guidelines of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and an AJCC summary cancer stage value, ranging from stage I (least severe) to stage I...
41. CancerCare Manitoba
Health services organization responsible for cancer prevention, detection, care, research and education throughout Manitoba. Previously called the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation (MCTRF).
42. Cannot Locate
Manitoba residents who have not contacted Manitoba Health nor accessed any healthcare services within the province for over one year, such as going to the doctor or hospital or filling a prescription, may have their healthcare coverage in the Manitoba Hea...
43. Capitation Funding
A per capita method of funding for health services. It may be narrowly implemented as a compensation plan for physicians where the amount of revenue a practice receives is based on an amount paid per patient (capitation fee) times the number of patients t...
44. Capitation System
see Capitation Funding
45. Capped Funding
A funding system for physicians in which physicians are given a lump sum of money by the single payer (most often the government), and are expected to remain within budget.
46. Capture Rate
A hospital-based measure of the proportion of area residents hospitalized during the period who received treatment in the identified hospital. This measure allows an assessment of the degree to which a hospital provides service to its population. Also ref...
47. Capture-Recapture Method
"A method estimating the size of a target population or a subset of this population that uses overlapping and presumably incomplete but intersecting sets of data about that population. Though the capture-recapture methods have some limitations, they are u...
48. Cardiac Care Network of Ontario
Formerly called the Provincial Adult Cardiac Care Network, it oversees the provision of adult cardiac services in Ontario using a centralized, computerized information system. It also advises the provincial health ministry on all matters related to these ...
49. Cardiac Catheterization (Diagnostic Angiogram)
The most accurate method for evaluating and defining ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac catheterization is used to identify the location and severity of CAD. The images that are produced by the prodecure are...
50. Cardiac Revascularization
This indicator combines the rates of three procedures: balloon angioplasty, cardiac stent insertion, and cardiac bypass surgery (though virtually all angioplasties are now accompanied by a stent insertion). Cardiac revascularization surgeries were define...
51. Cardiac Surgical Database
The Cardiac Surgical Database contains data on cardiac surgical procedures performed at the Health Sciences Centre (HSC) and St. Boniface General Hospital. The database includes data on patient history, admission, pre-operative, procedures and post-opera...
52. Cardiac Waiting List Data (Cardiaccess Registry)
A satellite unit of the Cardiac Care Network of Ontario, the WRHA Cardiaccess registry for cardiac surgery was created to monitor patients waiting for cardiac procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgery.
53. Cardiaccess Registry
The wait time and access database of the Cardiac Care Network of Ontario.
54. Cardiaccess Registry Database
An administrative health database containing information on pending Manitoba cardiac surgery patients. It monitors patients waiting for cardiac procedures, such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve surgery. Patients are entered into the databa...
55. Cardiovascular Comorbidity
Using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, persons were classified by increased level of cardiovascular comorbidity on the basis of receiving at least one medication for the following categories of conditions: cardiovascular; cardiov...
56. Cardiovascular Disease
A cardiovascular condition is defined on the basis of ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes or prescription drug use for the condition. For any cardiovascular condition: The diagnosis-based definition is at least one hospitalization or physician visit ove...
57. Care Level
A level of functional status indicating the type of care required for a Home Care client. This is usually determined at time of initial assessment and then reassessed at regular intervals during care provision.
58. Care Management Technologies (CMT)
Care Management Technologies (CMT) is a behavioral health analytics company headquartered in Morrisville, North Carolina in the United States of America. They specialize in using claims data to make predictions about future health events, and also have de...
59. Carotid Endarterectomy
Also called carotid artery surgery, it is the surgical removal of plaque from the carotid artery, to improve blood flow to the brain. Defined using ICD-9-CM procedure code 3812.
60. Carpal Tunnel Release
Surgical release of pressure on the nerve in the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Defined using ICD-9-CM procedure code 0443.
61. Case Control Studies
Studies in which individuals who already have a certain condition are compared with individuals who do not. They compare study subjects retrospectively.
62. Case Costs
see Cost Per Weighted Case (CPWC) .
63. Case Management
Assessment and care planning, service coordination (including community resources), supportive counselling to help persons and families cope with changes in health and ability to manage independently.
64. Case Mix
The large variation in patients and their medical conditions within any one hospital. Case mix becomes an issue when trying to compare the efficiency of various hospitals, but this can be overcome by using Resource Intensity Weights (RIW™) or Relative ...
65. Case Mix Adjustment
A process of assigning weights to different types of hospital cases. Those cases that require substantial resources would be assigned a weight higher than those that require relatively fewer resources. Case mix adjustment takes into account variability in...
66. Case Mix Groups (CMG™)
A Canadian patient classification system developed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), based on most responsible diagnosis, used to group and describe types of inpatients discharged from acute care hospitals. Each patient case is init...
67. Case Mix Groups with Complexity Overlay (CMG Plx™)
A modification to the Case Mix Group (CMG)™ system made in 1997, to reflect case complexity (the effect of comorbidities and complications). Each case within a given CMG™ is assigned a level from 1 to 4, with 4 being the highest level of complexity....
68. Case Payment
A hospital funding approach in which payment is made on a case by case basis.
69. Case Weight Development
A methodology to develop Relative Case Weights (RCW) for estimating the cost of different diseases.
70. Case Weights
A measure representing the relative resources consumed by different types of hospital cases.
71. Case-Complexity
Case-complexity is calculated for each hospital during the study period using a case-mix hospital costing methodology based on refined diagnostic-related groups (RDRGs®). In this methodology, clinically similar cases (i.e., cases that can be expected ...
72. Caseload Volume
The volume and distribution of a surgical procedure (e.g. tonsillectomy) by: 1). provider, 2). hospital, and 3). anaesthetic care related to the procedure.
73. Cataract
Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and normal vision is impaired. There are many causes of cataracts including (but not limited to) cortisone medication, trauma, diabetes, and aging. The symptoms of cataracts include double or blurred...
74. Cataract Surgery
Cataract surgery involves replacing the lens of the eye with an artificial lens. The clouded lens is removed in its entirety by surgery and replaced with an intraocular lens made of plastic, an operation that takes less than an hour and usually does not n...
75. Catchment: Where Patients Came From Prior to Admission to Personal Care Home (PCH)
This indicator defines the "catchment" area for PCH admissions, and includes the following general categories: a) residents who lived in the same RHA (home RHA); b) residents who lived in another RHA; and c) residents who lived in the Winnipeg RHA. It is...
76. Cause of Death
The reported cause of death on the Death Certificate (also known as the Medical Certificate of Death) from Vital Statistics. The Death Certificate used ICD-9 coding from 1979 until the end of 1999. As of January 1, 2000, ICD-10 coding is being used. In...
77. Cause-Specific Morbidity
Based on treatment prevalence data available from hospital and physician claims databases, and cancer incidence data, the cause-specific morbidity categories included: injury hospitalizations (falls, motor vehicle collisions, violence, other); diabetes tr...
78. Cause-Specific Mortality
Obtained from Vital Statistics, cause-specific mortality categories included: cancer, heart disease, injury, and respiratory disease.
79. Causes of Ambulatory Visits
This indicator measures the distribution or frequency of diagnoses attributed during ambulatory visits to a physician / primary care provider / specialist This indicator is based on the diagnosis code recorded and is grouped according to the
80. Causes of Child Mortality
Causes of death for children aged 1 to 19, categorized by the chapters of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes as reported on the Death Certificate (also known as the Medical Certificate of Death) from Vital Statistics. Usually only t...
81. Causes of Day Surgery
The most frequent reasons for day surgery, defined as surgical services received on an outpatient basis in acute care facilities. Each day surgery abstract has a ‘most responsible’ diagnosis – the diagnosis that describes the most significant condit...
82. Causes of Death
This indicator measures the distribution or frequency of cause of death based on five years of Vital Statistics mortality data. This indicator is grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) chapters and reported by geogr...
83. Causes of Hospital Days Used
This indicator measures the distribution or frequency of reasons for hospital days used during inpatient hospitalizations and day surgeries in a fiscal year, based on most responsible diagnosis. This indicator is grouped according to International Classif...
84. Causes of Hospital Days Used for Acute Care
The most common reasons for hospital days coded only as acute care (i.e., no ALC days) during inpatient hospitalizations. Each hospital abstract has a ‘most responsible’ diagnosis – the diagnosis that describes the most significant condition of a p...
85. Causes of Hospitalization / Causes of Inpatient Hospitalization (Acute Care)
This indicator measures the distribution or frequency of "Most Responsible" diagnoses attributed during inpatient hospitalizations. The indicator is grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Chapters and reported by geographi...
86. Causes of Infant Mortality
Causes of death for infants under one year of age, categorized by the chapters of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes as reported on the Death Certificate (also known as the Medical Certificate of Death) from Vital Statistics.
87. Causes of Injury Hospitalization
See Injury Hospitalization Causes glossary term.
88. Causes of Premature Death
This indicator measures the distribution or frequency of cause of death for Manitobans aged 0 to 74 based on five years of Vital Statistics mortality data. This indicator is grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) c...
89. CC
acronym for Complications and Comorbidities (CC)
90. CCF
acronym for Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF)
91. CCHS
acronym for Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)
92. CCI
acronym for Canadian Classification of Health Interventions (CCI)
93. CD
acronym for Census Division (CD)
94. CDPAC
acronym for Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada (CDPAC)
95. Celiac Disease
Also known as gluten intolerance, an immune disease related to the body’s inability to digest gluten (a protein in wheat, rye and barley and certain other food and personal products). With celiac disease, eating foods with gluten results in damage to th...
96. Census Agglomeration (CA)
Statistics Canada defined, in the 2001 and 1996 census, as a very large urban area (or urban core) together with adjacent urban and rural areas that have a high degree of social and economic integration with the urban core. A CA has a minimum urban popula...
97. Census Division (CD)
Statistics Canada defined, in the 2001 and 1996 census, as areas (e.g. counties, regional districts, regional municipalities) established by provincial law, which are intermediate geographic areas between the municipality and the provincial.
98. Census Family
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg According to Statistics Canada, refers to couples (married or common-law), with or without...
99. Census Family Income
Census family income, according to Statistics Canada, is the sum of incomes of all members of the census family.
100. Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)
Statistics Canada defined, in the 2001 and 1996 census, as a very large urban area (or urban core) together with adjacent urban and rural areas that have a high degree of social and economic integration with the urban core. A CMA has a minimum urban popul...
101. Census Range
The average number of patients in hospitals or admitted to Winnipeg hospitals per day.
102. Census SubDivision (CSD)
Defind by Statistics Canada, the CSD is the general term for municipalities or areas treated as municipal equivalents (e.g. Indian reserves, Indian settlements, and unorganized territories) for statistical purposes.
103. Census Survey
See Canada Census Data glossary term for more information.
104. Census Tract (CT)
Statistics Canada defined, in the 2001 and 1996 census, as small, relatively stable geographic areas that usually have a population of 2,500 to 8,000. They are located in census metropolitan areas and in census agglomerations with an urban core population...
105. Centennial Neighbourhood - Winnipeg
Centennial Neighbourhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada is a unique, inner-city area of Winnipeg bounded by Sherbrook St. (west), Princess St. (east), William Ave. (south) and the CPR rail lines (north). MCHP has defined this neighbourhood by identifying ...
106. Cephalic Presentation
"Birth in which the fetal head is presenting against the cervix." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
107. Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)
"A condition in which the fetal head is of such a shape or size, or in such a position, that it cannot pass through the maternal pelvis." (Olds SB et al., 2004).
108. Cerebral Palsy (CP) - Rehabilitation Centre for Children (RCC) Data
The Cerebral Palsy (CP) - Rehabilitation Centre for Children (RCC) data held in the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository (MPRDR) contains some client demographic information, a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) score, and the clie...
109. Cervical Cancer
Cancer of the uterine cervix, the portion of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina. Papanicolaou (Pap) smears screen for -- but do not diagnose -- pre-cancerous changes and cancer.
110. Cervical Cancer Incidence
Cervical cancer incidence is the rate per 100,000 individuals with a new diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer in a time period. Cervical cancer is identified by Cervix Uteri ICD10 codes: C53.
111. Cervical Cancer Screening (Pap test)
Also called a Pap (Papanicolaou) test, cervical screening is based on the examination of cells collected from the cervix to reveal pre-malignant (before cancer) and malignant (cancer) changes as well as changes due to non-cancerous conditions such as infl...
112. Cervical Incompetence
See Incompetent Cervix glossary term.
113. Cervix Screening Data – CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB)
The Cervix Screening data, maintained by CancerCare Manitoba, contains details on cervical screening services (pap tests) provided by CCMB, including date of service and screening result, and client-related demographic data, including birth date, sex and ...
114. CFSIS
acronym for Child and Family Services Information System (CFSIS) .
115. CGAP
acronym for Clinical Guidelines and Analysis Program (CGAP)
116. Channelling Bias
the propensity of "sicker" patients to be prescribed disproportionately the newer and perceived to be more potent medications differentially.
117. Charge Status / Charge Type
The status of those charged with a crime. Not all those who have been charged with an offense proceed through the judicial process to disposition; sometimes the charges do not proceed. We classified charges as “proceeding” and “not proceeding,” as...
118. Charlson Comorbidity Index
The Charlson Comorbidity Index is a method for measuring patient comorbidity based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnoses codes of individual patients using administrative data, su...
119. CHD
acronym for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
120. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. For more information, including the ICD-9-CM and CCI codes used to identify this type of treatment, see the Types of Cancer Tre...
121. CHF
acronym for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
122. Chi-Square Test
This is one of the tests used to measure how well a statistical model fits the data.
123. Child and Family Services (CFS)
Child and Family Services (CFS) is a division within the Department of Families, Government of Manitoba, that is responsible for providing a comprehensive continuum of child protection (e.g.: foster care) and family support services in Manitoba in accorda...
124. Child and Family Services (CFS) Application Data
A Community and Social Services database containing administrative social service case records from Child Protection and Support Services (CPSS) - a division within the provincial government's Department of Families. All Manitoba children and families who...
125. Child and Family Services Information System (CFSIS)
A data management system that supports case tracking and reporting of services provided to children and families as they pass through the Manitoba Child and Family Services (CFS) system. CFSIS includes information on children in care as well as informatio...
126. Child Care Centres
Licensed centres for early learning and care of children at 0-12 years of age. The license ensures that the centres meet the government standards on several subject matters (e.g., staff qualifications, behaviour management policies, daily activities, sani...
127. Child Care Spaces
Spaces in a licensed centre or home for child supervision at 0-12 years of age. The license ensures that the child care centres and homes meet the government standards on several subject matters (e.g., staff qualifications, behaviour management policies, ...
128. Child Day Care in Manitoba
The information on licensed child day cares in Manitoba comes from the Child Day Care Program of Manitoba Family Services and Housing. Licensed child day cares are classified into Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) and Winnipeg Community Areas (CAs) by th...
129. Child Day Care Program Data
The Child Day Care Program data contains summary information on children enrolled in provincially licensed child care facilities whose families pay a subsidized rate. The data includes demographic and program related information for children, parents/app...
130. Child Death Rate
The number of deaths of children aged 1-4 years in a given year per 1000 children in this age group. This is considered a useful measure of the burden of preventable communicable diseases in the child population.
131. Child Health Indicators
These are measures that are thought to indicate "healthiness", according to published studies and the opinion of members of our expert working group. The child health indicators developed for the Child Health Atlas Update (2008) are divided into nine bro...
132. Child Health Status Indicators
Several indicators are used to investigate the health status of children. These include: fertility rate, total fertility rate, infant mortality, stillbirth rate and child mortality.
133. Child in Family Receiving Protection or Support Services from Child and Family Services (CFS)
Children whose health or emotional well-being is thought to be endangered, but who remain in a family that receives a service from Child and Family Services (CFS). Services requested by the family or received upon "recommendation" by CFS are intended to s...
134. Child Maltreatment
Child maltreatment includes both child abuse and child neglect. Child abuse is the physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by his or her parents (including adoptive parents), guardians, or other adults. Child neglect is the inaction of not doing...
135. Child Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Prevalence of child mood and anxiety disorders are defined as the percent of children diagnosed with mood and anxiety disorders over a specific time periods. In Brownell et al. (2012), children were defined as aged 13 to 19. In Chartier et al. (2016),...
136. Child Morbidity
Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being (i.e. sickness or illness) within a child.
137. Child Morbidity Classification System
Based on childhood morbidity, this classification system is a 'non-categorical' approach to defining illnesses/conditions present in children.
138. Child Mortality / Child Mortality Rate
The death of children aged 1 to 19 years, as reported in the Vital Statistics database. The child mortality rate is the number of deaths in a given year, expressed either per 1000 or 100,000 children in this age group. Because child death is a rare event,...
139. Child Welfare Involvement
Children receiving services from Child and Family Services (CFS), which includes children in care and children in a family receiving services from CFS. For more information see: Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)...
140. Childhood Immunization
An intervention, through immunizations, to initiate or increase resistance against infectious diseases including: haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), measles, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and rubella. For relevant tariff codes, please see th...
141. Childhood Immunization Rates
In Brownell et al. (2001), this is calculated as the proportion of children who, by their first, second, and seventh birthdays, have been fully immunized against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), measles, mumps, and rube...
142. Childhood Injuries
Childhood injuries in the Assessing the Health of Children in Manitoba: A Population-Based Study deliverable by Brownell et al. (2001) were defined as all inpatient hospital records for Manitobans aged 0 to 19 with a value in the var...
143. Children
Individuals between 0 and 19 are usually grouped as children. Some studies use those aged 0-15 years of age.
144. Children in a Family Receiving Services from Child and Family Services (CFS)
Children whose health or emotional well-being is thought to be endangered, but who remain in a family that receives a service from Child and Family Services (CFS). Services requested by the family or received upon "recommendation" by CFS are intended to s...
145. Children in Care (CIC) / Ever in Care
Children in care are children who are involved in the Manitoba Child Welfare system (Child and Family Services (CFS)) who have been removed from the care of their original family because of a situation where authorities have deemed their family unable or ...
146. Children Living with a Mother with Mood and/or Anxiety Disorders
The prevalence of children with a mother with mood and/or anxiety disorders is defined as the percent of children aged 13 to 19 with a mother diagnosed with mood and anxiety disorders at any point over a two-year time period. Please see the glossary term ...
147. Children with Disabilities
Children whose daily activities or normal functioning are restricted because of a condition or health problem. In Brownell et al. (2008) children with disabilities were identified as those aged 6 to 17 years receiving Level II or Level III funding support...
148. Children's disABILITY Services (CDS) / Community Living disABILITY Services (CLDS) Data
The Children's disABILITY Services (CDS) / Community Living disABILITY Services (CLDS) data contains information on services and supports provided to participants of the disABILITY programs provided by the Manitoba Department of Families. Participants are...
149. Chlamydia
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) that, if left untreated, may increase the risk of contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), as well as infertility, epididymitis in males, or
150. Cholecystectomy
The surgical removal of a gallbladder, which is done if it is inflamed, blocked, filled with gallstones, or cancerous. It can be done through an abdominal incision (open cholecystectomy) or through smaller incisions using a small video camera on a tube ca...
151. Cholesterol Screening
Cholesterol tests measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Our data do not allow us to distinguish between cholesterol tests done for screening purposes and those done for diagnostic or disease monitoring reasons. These are identi...
152. Chronic Care
In Fransoo et al. (2013), chronic care (also referred to as Continuing Care or Extended Care) refers to care for patients with long term disease who, while ill, are considered stable and receive managed, ongoing care for their illness. Chro...
153. Chronic Care Hospitals
See Long Term Care (LTC) Hospitals .
154. Chronic Childhood Morbidity
One of four morbidity categories. Chronic conditions are those likely to persist throughout childhood and/or require continuous therapeutic management.
155. Chronic Disease / Chronic Condition
Chronic diseases are those conditions that are generally incurable, are often caused by a complex interaction of factors, and usually have a prolonged clinical course. See the related concepts and terms below for more information on specific chronic di...
156. Chronic Disease Indicators
A set of indicators for describing rates associated with different types of chronic diseases.
157. Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance of Canada (CDPAC)
A national coalition of organizations and individuals with a common vision for an integrated system of chronic disease prevention, focusing on the three leading chronic diseases in Canada: cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
158. Chronic Disease Score
The Chronic Disease Score is a measure of comorbidity based on the aggregate number of prescription medications for a patient. The index contains 24 categories and is based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemica...
159. Chronic Liver Disease
A variety of conditions fall under the category of chronic liver disease. These include: Chronic hepatitis (i.e. Hepatitis C ) Alcoholic liver disease, involving: Fibrosis (early ...
160. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) are a group of lung diseases characterized by limited airflow with variable degrees of air sack enlargement and lung tissue destruction. Emphysema (permanently enlarged air sacks of the lung with reduced lung ...
161. Chronic Physical Diseases
See Chronic Disease.
162. Chronic Renal Failure
See Renal Failure
163. CI
acronym for Confidence Interval (CI) AND Consultation Index (CI)
164. CIC
acronym for Children in Care (CIC) .
165. CIHI
acronym for Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)
166. CIHR
acronym for Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
167. CL
acronym for Confidence Limits(CL)
168. Claims
There are several different types of claims, including medical (hospital / physician) claims for services, midwifery claims for services, and prescription drug claims (transactions). Claims are submitted to the provincial government (i.e., Manitoba Health...
169. Cleft Palate and Lip
Birth defects affecting the roof and/or upper lip of the mouth. These defects may appear together or separately. The defect can range from a small notch in the lip to a vertical fissure that runs into the roof of the mouth and nose.
170. Client Assessment Data
For Home Care clients, assessment data includes: socio-demographics, medication use, level of (in)dependence, cognitive functioning, disease/health conditions, psychosocial measures and social support and living arrangements.
171. Clinical Database
An organized collection of information that are usually collected by those in the medical community. These data are commonly used for quality improvement and research purposes.
172. Clinical Guidelines and Analysis Program (CGAP)
CGAP is an educational program that examines patterns of practice with the purpose of improving the efficiency of medical care.
173. Clinical Microbiology Section
Service provider at the Cadham Provincial Laboratory. "Clinical Microbiology services involve the detection, isolation and epidemiological characterization of bacterial or fungal pathogens or toxins from clinical specimens." (Government of Manitoba, Cadha...
174. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)
Systematically developed statements that assist in decision-making about appropriate care for specific clinical conditions.
175. Clinical Quality Improvement
An interdisciplinary process designed to improve the delivery of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative measures in order to maintain, restore, and improve health outcomes of individuals and populations cost-effectively.
176. Closed Cases
Those which conclude Home Care registration due to admission to a Personal Care Home (PCH), cancellation of coverage, or death.
177. Cluster Analysis
"A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations in strongly interrelated subgroups" (Last, 2001). The process starts with each person/object as an individual cluster, then groups items that are most similar and gradually relaxes ...
178. CMA
acronym for Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)
179. CMG ™
acronym for Case Mix Groups (CMGs)™
180. CNODES
CNODES is an acronym for Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES).
181. COC
acronym for Continuity of Care (COC)
182. Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend
A statistical method of directing chi-squared tests toward a narrower alternative. The test is sensitive to the linearity between a response variable and an explanatory variable, and detects trends that would not be noticed by cruder methods.
183. COCI
acronym for Continuity of Care Index (COCI) (physician)
184. Coded ALC (Alternate Level of Care)
Hospitalizations or days of hospital care categorized as Coded ALC (rather than Possible ALC) are those for which the patient had at least one ALC Reason Code included on their hospital abstract and was thus designated ALC by his or her physician or autho...
185. Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)
A scale produced from the Resident Assessment Instrument MDS 2.0© (RAI-MDS 2.0©) and Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC©) systems to evaluate a person's cognitive impairment. It combines information mainly on a person's abilit...
186. Cohabitation
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg The state of living together. Any two adults in a relationship who are living together an...
187. Cohort
A group of subjects under examination in a study, who share at least one common characteristic (e.g.: age, health status).
188. Cohort Studies
Studies in which a group of people within a population who experience the same significant life event or treatment within a given period of time are followed.
189. Colectomy (Large Bowel Resection)
A colectomy is the removal of all or part of the colon. It is also called large bowel resection. For more information on colectomy (large bowel resection), see the MedlinePlus - Medical Encyclopedia - L...
190. Colitis
See Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) .
191. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba
The professional regulatory body for all physicians practicing medicine in Manitoba. "Membership in the College is mandatory for all physicians seeking to practice medicine in Manitoba. The jurisdiction of the College extends to its members and associate ...
192. Colon Screening Data – CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB)
The Colon Screening data, maintained by CancerCare Manitoba, contains details on colon screening services (fecal occult blood tests (FOBT)) provided by CCMB, including date of service and screening result, and client-related demographic data, including bi...
193. Colorectal Cancer Incidence
Colorectal cancer incidence is the rate per 100,000 individuals with a new diagnosis of invasive colorectal cancer in a time period. Colorectal cancer is identified by ICD-O-3 topography axis codes C180-C189, C199, C209, C260.
194. Combined Method
The preferred method to estimate outpatient hospital expenditures , as it allows allocation to what more closely represents actual users of the outpatient services. Outpatient claims, urban community emergency room study and inpatient and day surger...
195. Combined Projection Model
The arithmetic mean of the other two methods: Trend Analysis Model and the Recent Use Projection Model.
196. Communicable Disease Control Branch
Branch of Manitoba Health that is responsible for the "prevention and control of communicable diseases in Manitoba. This responsibility is carried out in collaboration with others involved with the identification and management of communicable diseases." ...
197. Communication Skills and General Knowledge - Early Development Instrument (EDI) Domain
A set of 8 items on the EDI used to assess a kindergarten child's readiness for school in terms of their "skills to communicate effectively, symbolic use of language, age-appropriate knowledge about the world" and other similar characteristics.
198. Community Areas (CAs)
See Winnipeg Community Areas (CAs) .
199. Community Centre Areas (CCA)
Within the city of Winnipeg, there are 72 Community Centre Areas (CCAs), each with one or more community centre buildings, or recreation centers.
200. Community Health Assessment Network (CHAN)
A province-wide collaborative group consisting of representatives from all RHAs, CancerCare Manitoba, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP), and Manitoba Health. CHAN participates in the preparation of regional guidelines to support health authorities ...
201. Community Health Clinic Model of Primary Care
Community Health Clinics are located throughout the city of Winnipeg and provide a variety of different health and social services; some clinics focus on particular practice areas or population groups (e.g., Francophones, women), while others provide gene...
202. Community Resources Databases
A collection of databases that provide data on community-level factors that may influence child health. The community resource data contain housing, crime, parks, child day care, library, and programs data.
203. Community Social Data Strategy (CSDS) Community Data Program
"The CSDS is a national consortium of local data user networks that provides a gateway through which municipalities and community-based organizations access social data from Statistics Canada and other sources." (
204. Community-based participatory research
Research conducted with the collaboration of a community for the purpose of taking action or effecting change. The community, in this case, could be any geographically, socio-culturally, or occupationally defi ned group with common interests and goals. In...
205. Community-based research
Research that is conducted in community settings and is intended to improve community-based interventions and community health.
206. Comorbid Chronic Physical Diseases
Two or more medical conditions that exist simultaneously in a patient.
207. Comorbidity / Comorbidities
A comorbidity is simply defined as a pre-existing medical condition of a patient, or the presence of one or more medical conditions known to increase risk of death, that exist in addition to the most significant condition (usually recorded as the "most re...
208. Comorbidity Classification
A classification system using the number of accompanying comorbid conditions (none, one, two, or three or more) to group patients.
209. Comorbidity Level
Aggregated Diagnosis Groups (ADGs) of the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group® (ACG®) case-mix system were used to classify comorbidity. Low comorbidity were persons with 0-1 major ADGs, medium comorbidity were persons with 2-3 major ADGs and h...
210. Comparative Fit Index (CFI)
A measure of model fit relative to other models, which performs well with all sample sizes (Bentler, 1990).
211. Complete for Age from Birth
A child, at the specified observation point (age two for example), that has received all of the recommended doses for a given antigen according to the provincial immunization schedule. Please see the
212. Complete Immunization Schedule (Two-Year-Olds)
A complete immunization schedule is defined as the percentage of two–year–old children (born 2005–2006), who were continuously registered with Manitoba Health up to their second birthday and had all of the recommended immunizations for their age. ...
213. Complete Physical Exams
The percentage of residents who received at least one "Complete History and Physical Examination" in a fiscal year. This was defined as an ambulatory visit with any of the following physician tariff codes: 8450, 8460, 8495, 8498, 8499, 8500, 8540, or 8594...
214. Complete Vaccination (Two Year Olds)
A child is considered to be completely immunized when the minimum number of doses of each type of vaccine is received by the child reaching 2 years of age. For more information, see the
215. Complex Conditions
Conditions for which there are underlying comorbidities or complications. For example, a patient suffering from gangrene, who also has diabetes, would be classified as a complex condition because a caregiver would have to take the patient's diabetic condi...
216. Complexity
Comorbidity and complications affecting the hospital care required to treat the patient.
217. Complications
Complications are defined as unsuspected medical conditions that arise during the treatment of a patient in a hospital. Note: A complication is different than a comorbidity, which is considered a pre-existing medical condition of a patient admit...
218. Complications and Comorbidities (CC)
A classification system identifying the level of accompanying comorbidity / complications (CC) to a particular case, including: none or minor CC, moderate CC, severe CC, and catastrophic CC.
219. Complications of Labour and Delivery
Unsuspected conditions that arise during the labour or delivery process. Complications were considered if the delivery was by C-Section or any of the following occurred: ICD-9-CM=72.5, 660.4, 641.2, 663, 665.1, 760-779. This definition also includes Birth...
220. Composite Index
A mathematical combination of individual indicators or measures that represent different aspects of a single but larger concept (Saisana & Tarantola, 2002).
221. Comprehensive NeuroScience ™ of Canada (CNSC)
"Comprehensive NeuroScience of Canada, a wholly-owned subsidiary of North Carolina-based Care Management Technologies, Inc., is a health services provider with Canadian headquarters in Winnipeg, Manitoba. CNSC has deep clinical expertise and extensive exp...
222. Comprehensiveness of Practice
Comprehensiveness of practice among physicians is the amount of work done by physicians outside of their offices.
223. Computerized / Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
The CT San is a radiological diagnostic test that can examine internal body structures. CT scans are pictures of structures within the body created by a computer that takes the data from multiple X-ray images and turns them into pictures on a screen. The ...
224. Concentration of Care Index
See Herfindahl Index.
225. Concurrency (of Pharmaceuticals)
Concurrency (of pharmaceuticals) can be measured in several ways to provide information on whether two (or more) drugs are being dispensed at the same time.
226. Concurrent Criterion Validity
The extent to which a newly derived measurement correlates with a "gold standard" (i.e., generally accepted as accurate) value, measured at the same point in time. For example, hospital inpatient admissions recorded in the hospital discharge abstracts dat...
227. Conditional Logistic Regression
Conditional logistic regression (CLR) is primarily used in case-control or retrospective studies where a study participant with a particular condition or treatment (i.e., case) is matched to a study participant without that condition or treatment (i.e., c...
228. Conditions
The diagnoses and procedures associated with a patient's treatment, which are usually recorded using some form of classification and coding system, such as ICD-9-CM, or DSM-III.
229. Conditions Amenable To Medical Treatment
Medical conditions which a panel of physicians have agreed should NOT result in untimely death. There are specific ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes defined for this.
230. Conduct Disorder
Conduct disorder is characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial, aggressive, or defiant behaviour. The behaviour is more severe than ordinary childish mischief or adolescent rebelliousness and is enduring (six months or longer). Exa...
231. Confidence Interval (CI) / Confidence Limits (CL)
The Confidence Interval is an interval, calculated from data, which contains a population parameter, such as the population median or mean, with specified probability. For example, a 95% confidence interval (written as "95% CI") would have a 95% pr...
232. Confounding Variable
Two variables are confounded when their effects on a dependent variable cannot be distinguished from each other. If confounding variables are not measured and included in the analysis, bias may result in the conclusion of the study.
233. Congenital Anomalies
An abnormality of structure, function or body metabolism that is present at birth (even if not diagnosed until later in life) and results in physical or mental disability, or is fatal. (March of Dimes Resource Center. Birth Defects. (1998) -
234. Congenital Heart Defect
A problem with the structure or function of the heart at birth.
235. Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF)
see Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) .
236. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
A chronic disease that is often called congestive cardiac failure (CCF) or heart failure. CHF is characterized by the inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, or by requiring elevated filling pressures in order to ...
237. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Prevalence
The percent of residents aged 40 and older with congestive heart failure in a one-year period. For information on the methods used to define CHF in MCHP research, including the ICD codes, please see the Congestive H...
238. Conservable Bed Days
Conservable Bed Days has been defined by ICES as "the number of days that might be conserved if a hospital decreased the adjusted average length of stay (LOS) from existing levels to the benchmark levels".
239. Constant Dollar
The value of currency in a single year, termed the base year, that is applied consistently to each year of data in the research project time period. Source: modified from Statistics Canada definition available at:
240. Construct Validity
Tests of construct validity assess the extent to which a measure corresponds with an acceptable theory or assumption (Last, 2001). For example, it seems reasonable to expect that a greater number of emergent Emergency Department (ED) patients should ar...
241. Consult Rate
See Consultations (Ambulatory).
242. Consultation Index (CI)
An index developed to measure the extent to which a physician over or under-refers patients compared to the average physician after taking into account the characteristics of their practice population. It is the ratio of the actual number of referred pati...
243. Consultation Visits (Physician)
see Physician Consultation Visits.
244. Consultations (Ambulatory)
Consultations are a subset of ambulatory visits: they occur when one physician refers a patient to another physician (usually a specialist or surgeon) because of the complexity, obscurity or seriousness of the condition, or when the patient requests a s...
245. Consultative Care
See Consultations.
246. Consultive Care
See Consultations.
247. Contacts With Physicians
The number of individuals who made contact with a physician during a specified time period (and/or within other specified criteria). For example: Tataryn et al. (1994) considered contact with a physician to be at least one ambula...
248. Continuing Care
A system of care designed so that clients receive services through one assessment service, and receive services as appropriate to their needs without having to transfer between service organizations.
249. Continuing Student
The term "continuing student" is used to describe students who have not acquired the minimum expectations/outcomes to proceed to the next grade level, and are continuing in the program at the same grade level for part or all of the next school year. N...
250. Continuing Trends Projection
A regression-based projection of PCH bed equivalents that assumes that recent PCH use rates will continue a period of time into the future. In this study, trends in PCH use rates over the past 25 years were projected forward in time using regression formu...
251. Continuity Of Care (COC) (Ambulatory)
Continuity of Care (COC) measures the extent to which an indivudal patient sees a given provider over a specified period of time. In MCHP research, the focus of COC is on ambulatory visits to a provider. In Katz et al. (2004), they "def...
252. Continuity of Care Index (COCI)
The Continuity of Care Index (COCI) is an indicator that weighs both the frequency of ambulatory visits to primary care providers (which includes family physicians and nurse practitioners; mdbloc = 11, 200 respectively) and the dispersion of ambulatory v...
253. Continuously Registered
Individuals that have had healthcare coverage provided by Manitoba's universal healthcare program since birth.
254. Contraceptive Use
Method used to prevent a sexually active female from becoming pregnant. Examples include the use of condoms, birth control pills, diaphragms, spermicides, or birth control injection (Depovera).
255. Contraindications
Any circumstances (e.g. a disease) which render some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable.
256. Contrast Statement
See Generalized Linear Model (GLM) glossary term.
257. Control Charts
Control Charts are a visual statistical tool in Quality Control Analysis used to distinguish between normal and abnormal variation in a quality characteristic or indicator and to detect changes in indicators over time.
258. Control Group
A control group is a group of subjects that are used for comparison with treatment groups - subjects receiving a treatment - in randomized control trials and other epidemiological study designs. Selection of an appropriate control group is crucial to the ...
259. Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation
Use of medications to stimulate the ovaries to release multiple eggs.
260. Controller Medication Use
See Asthma Care: Controller Medication Use glossary term.
261. Convalescence
Care provided to patients after surgery or serious illness that may not require hospital-level care but that does not allow the patient to return home safely. Convalescent care is provided to people who require specific medical and therapeutic services in...
262. Converted Procedure
A converted procedure refers to a cholecystectomy procedure where the planned method of surgery was laparoscopic, but during the procedure it became necessary to make a larger abdominal incision and revert to the open method of surgery. A conversion from ...
263. COPD
acronym for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
264. Core Patients
Patients who are allocated to a health care provider because they received most of their care from that provider than from any other. These patients are considered occasional patients of any the other provider visited. In this study, core patients for phy...
265. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) / Surgery
Surgical procedure that reroutes blood around a blocked coronary artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, thereby improving oxygen and blood flow to the heart. CABG is defined using ICD-9-CM procedure codes 36.10, 36.11, 36.12, 3...
266. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
see Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
267. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic heart disease, or atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (t...
268. Corrections Offender Management System (COMS) Data
The Corrections Offender Management System (COMS) data from Manitoba Justice contains records of adult and youth individuals in the Manitoba Corrections system and tracks their associated data. This includes data on the offender, the start and end dates o...
269. Correlation Coefficient, r
An indicator of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. Its absolute value can range from 0 (no relationship) to 1 (a perfect relationship). The sign of the coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship.
270. Corticosteroids (inhaled)
Cortisone-like medicines are used to treat serious inflammatory conditions. In asthma, they address the underlying disease process, thus preventing its symptoms. These are identified by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug classification code: R...
271. Cost
See Standard Cost.
272. Cost - Inpatient hospital care/day surgery
The cost assigned to each person that is discharged from hospital after having been admitted for an inpatient stay or day surgery. The cost is assigned using the Resource Intensity Weight (RIW™) attributed to each discharge by CIHI. This RIW is multipl...
273. Cost Driver
A component that significantly influences annual changes in pharmaceutical spending in a province (for example). Major components that annually drive up pharmaceutical costs include changes in the use of older and newer drugs, price changes of older and n...
274. Cost List
See Standard Cost List.
275. Cost of a Standard Hospital Stay (CSHS)
The Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) definition states "The Cost of a Standard Hospital Stay (CSHS) provides the average cost in your facility for a hypothetical patient with an RIW = 1. ... The cost of a standa...
276. Cost Per Weighted Case (CPWC or CWC)
A financial indicator that provides a measure of the cost to provide care to a "standard" hospital patient. It is a relative, average cost calculated by summing the weights assigned to all cases treated by a hospital, and dividing this number into the hos...
277. Costing
See Costing Methods.
278. Costing Hospital Care
The general activity of attempting to assess and compare the cost efficiency of different hospitals. One method uses available financial information on case mix adjusted charge data to determine Relative Case Weights (RCW). Another method uses the Managem...
279. Costing Methods
Methods used to estimate health care costs, such as micro-costing, average costing, or mixed costing.
280. Costs Of Care
The cost of providing hospital, physician, inpatient prenatal health, and Personal Care Home (PCH) care on a per capita basis in each region.
281. Country of Birth
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg The country in which an immigrant was born. It should be distinguished from "country of last...
282. Country of Citizenship
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg A country that the individual is a national (e.g., passport holder). Citizenship or national...
283. Country of Last Permanent Residence
concept/Social Determinants of Health-SDOH-Digital Library-Image.jpg The country where the immigrant (secondary immigrant) last resided for at least 6 months pri...
284. Covariate
A secondary variable that can have an effect on the dependent variable.
285. Coverage End Date
The date a Manitoba resident’s provincial healthcare insurance coverage was cancelled / ends. This is recorded in the variable (CANCDT) in the Manitoba Health Insurance Registry. The reason for cancellation is recorded in the reason for
286. Coverage Start Date
The date a Manitoba resident’s provincial healthcare insurance coverage started. This is recorded in the variable "Continuous Coverage from date" (COVDT) in the Manitoba Health Insurance Registry data. Additional coverage information recorded in the var...
287. COVID-19 Lab Testing and Results Data
The COVID-19 Lab Testing and Results data contains information on COVID-19 laboratory testing and results in Manitoba. For more information on the COVID-19 Lab Testing and Results data, see the:
288. COVID-19 Surveillance Data - Cases and Contacts Data
The COVID-19 Surveillance Data - Cases and Contacts data contains information on lab-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and the contact information for these cases. This data is collected in the Public Health Information Management System (PHIMS) da...
289. COVID-19 Vaccinations, Appointments and Screening Data
The COVID-19 Vaccinations, Appointments and Screening data contains updates on all COVID-19 vaccination data in Manitoba from December 1, 2020 forward. It also contains information about the on-line vaccination appointments and patient screening data. Th...
290. Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis
A regression model for analyzing the effect of several risk factors on survival. The probability of the endpoint (e.g., death) is called the hazard. This model assumes that the effects of the predictor variables are constant over time. (Source:
291. CPG
acronym for Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)
292. CPHI
acronym for Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI)
293. Crimes Against Persons
Crimes against persons is a category of crime that consists of offences involving bodily harm or a threat of bodily harm to another individual. These include homicide, attempted murder, robbery, assault, sexual assault, and other sexual offences, uttering...
294. Crimes Against Property
Include the crimes of arson, break and enter, theft, fraud, and mischief. Crime data were obtained from the Winnipeg Police Service, Crime Statistics Unit.
295. Criminal Courts Automated Information Network (CCAIN) Data
The Criminal Courts Automated Information Network (CCAIN) data from Manitoba Justice contains two main datasets. The first appearance in court and the disposition (outcome) relating to each charge. CCAIN is a system that tracks people and incidents as the...
296. Crisis / Protection
One of 13 alternate levels of care (ALC) for patients who require pediatric or adult protection / crisis intervention (e.g. Safe Homes, Half-Way Houses, Foster Homes, Child Abuse Centres, Suicide Treatment Centres).
297. Critical Care / Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Data
NOTE: the Critical Care / Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Data has been updated in the Repository and this database is now considered inactive. For more up-to-date information on the current Critical Care and Medicine data in the Repository, see the
298. Critical Care and Medicine (CCMED) Data
The Critical Care and Medicine (CCMED)data contains episodic information for individuals admitted to any one of the six adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Winnipeg or to one of the four Medicine wards in Winnipeg. The types of ICUs include: ...
299. Critical Illness
Refers to any type of acute medical condition that by its nature and/or severity threatens life or limb or negatively affects the ability of the vital organs to perform their functions.
300. Critical Illness-Based Rate of ICU Care
The rate of ICU care relative to the number of persons who "should" have been admitted to ICUs, as reflected by the Estimated ICU Admission Pool.
301. Crohn's Disease
See Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
302. Cross Sectional Study
A study that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one point in time. The presence or absence of disease and the presence or absence of...
303. Cross-Sectional Survey
A cross-sectional survey is a survey that collects data on a sample population at one point in time. As such, all measures resulting from this type of survey are static measures and changes to the sample population over time cannot be determined. Cross-se...
304. Crosswalk
"A crosswalk is a specification for mapping one metadata standard to another. Crosswalks provide the ability to make the contents of elements defined in one metadata standard available to communities using related metadata standards." Note: The ter...
305. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC)
A federal government department (formerly part of the now-dissolved Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)) that is responsible for renewing the relationship between Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Metis) and Canada, leading government wor...
306. Crude Hospitalization Rate
The number of persons who had at least one hospitalization for a specific condition in a given region, divided by the population of that region.
307. Crude Mortality Rate
The number of deaths for a specific condition in a given region, divided by the population of that region.
308. Crude Physician Visit Rate
The number of persons who had at least 2 visits to a physician for a particular diagnosis in a given region, divided by the population of that region.
309. Crude Rate
The number of events or people with a given condition or procedure, divided by the number of people living in an area/region; often expressed as a rate per 1,000 residents (for less frequent events). Crude rates are helpful in figuring out the burden of d...
310. CSD
acronym for Census SubDivision (CSD)
311. CT
acronym for Census Tract (CT)
312. CT Scans
acronym for Computerized / Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
313. Cumulative Disorders
See Cumulative Mental Illness / Cumulative Mental Health Disorder OR Cumulative Treatment Prevalence (Cumulative Mental Illnesses) for more information.
314. Cumulative Mental Illness / Cumulative Mental Health Disorders
The grouping "Cumulative Mental Illness" was created (Fransoo et al., 2009) to provide an overall indicator of the prevalence of mental illness, accounting for the co-occurrence among mental illnesses. Cumulative prevalence was defined as the proportion o...
315. Cumulative Mental Illness-Mortality
This measure calculates the crude and adjusted five-year mortality rates for those in the Cumulative Mental Illness Disorders group. Values were age- and sex-adjusted to the Manitoba population.
316. Cumulative Number of New Diagnoses
The cumulative number of new diagnoses is a measure that provides an aggregate count of new diagnoses for a patient over time.
317. Cumulative Number of New Prescription Drugs
The cumulative number of new prescription drugs is a measure that provides an aggregate count of new prescriptions for a patient over time.
318. Cumulative Treatment Prevalence (Cumulative Mental Illnesses)
Cumulative treatment prevalence was defined as the proportion of the cohort population who received treatment for any of the following five mental illnesses: depression, anxiety states, substance abuse, personality disorders, and schizophrenia.
319. Current Dollar
The value of currency in the current time period. Source: Statistics Canada definition available at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75f0011x/2011001/notes/ana...
320. Current PCH Use Rates - of PCH Bed Equivalents
In this study, we calculated the average PCH use rates in days per 1,000 population over the three-year period prior to the beginning of the projections (fiscal years 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09). This rate was used in the current rates projections of PCH b...
321. Current Rates Projection - of PCH Bed Equivalents
A projection of PCH bed equivalents that combine the current use rates for age/sex specific groups with the projected age/sex population for a region (RHAs in this study). The annual number of days is summed across the six age/sex groups to give a total n...
322. Current Smokers - (CCHS Survey Data)
See information on current smokers contained in the term Smoking.
323. Current Use Projection Model
Estimating future needs by looking at current patterns. Using data from the three most recent fiscal years, projections were made on how many beds (hospital or PCH) would be required in 2020 if the use patterns stay the same. The calculations were based o...
324. Curriculum Level
Curriculum level is a measure of the academic rigour or quality, which has been used by MCHP, to evaluate Grade 12 education.
325. CVA
acronym for Stroke (CVA) / Vascular Disease
326. CWC
acronym for Cost per Weighted Case (CWC)

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